Heat waves in the United States: definitions, patterns and trends.
Heat waves in the United States: definitions, patterns and trends.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s10584-012-0659-2
复制
发表时间：
2013-06
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Gohlke, Julia M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Smith, Tiffany T.;Zaitchik, Benjamin F.;Gohlke, Julia M.
高温和热浪是相关但不是同义的概念。热浪通常被理解为极端温暖的急性期，与广泛的利益攸关方有关，因为这些事件对人类健康和活动以及自然环境产生影响。也许是因为从事热浪监测和研究的社区的多样性，热浪没有单一的标准定义。专家们在哪些阈值（绝对值与相对值），持续时间和辅助变量纳入热浪定义方面存在分歧。虽然这种观点的多样性是有价值的，但在讨论模式、趋势和影响时，缺乏统一的索引可能会造成混乱。在这里，我们使用来自北美陆地数据同化系统的数据来研究1979-2011年期间美国大陆15个先前公布的热浪指数的模式和趋势。在此期间，东南部地区在大多数考虑的指数中热浪天数最多。东南部和大平原地区的积极趋势（每年热浪天数的增加）最大，其中超过12%的土地面积在大多数热浪指数中每年热浪天数显著增加。显着的负面趋势相对罕见，但在西南部、西北部和大平原的部分地区发现了这种趋势。
High temperatures and heat waves are related but not synonymous concepts. Heat waves, generally understood to be acute periods of extreme warmth, are relevant to a wide range of stakeholders because of the impacts that these events have on human health and activities and on natural environments. Perhaps because of the diversity of communities engaged in heat wave monitoring and research, there is no single, standard definition of a heat wave. Experts differ in which threshold values (absolute versus relative), duration and ancillary variables to incorporate into heat wave definitions. While there is value in this diversity of perspectives, the lack of a unified index can cause confusion when discussing patterns, trends, and impacts. Here, we use data from the North American Land Data Assimilation System to examine patterns and trends in 15 previously published heat wave indices for the period 1979–2011 across the Continental United States. Over this period the Southeast region saw the highest number of heat wave days for the majority of indices considered. Positive trends (increases in number of heat wave days per year) were greatest in the Southeast and Great Plains regions, where more than 12 % of the land area experienced significant increases in the number of heat wave days per year for the majority of heat wave indices. Significant negative trends were relatively rare, but were found in portions of the Southwest, Northwest, and Great Plains.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Alexander, LV;Zhang, X;Vazquez-Aguirre, JL
通讯作者：
Vazquez-Aguirre, JL
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Pan, ZT;Arritt, RW;Segal, M
通讯作者：
Segal, M
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
El Kenawy, A.;Lopez-Moreno, J. I.;Vicente-Serrano, S. M.
通讯作者：
Vicente-Serrano, S. M.
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Metzger KB;Ito K;Matte TD
通讯作者：
Matte TD
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Anderson GB;Bell ML
通讯作者：
Bell ML