Detection of Wolbachia in the tick Ixodes ricinus is due to the presence of the hymenoptera endoparasitoid Ixodiphagus hookeri.
Detection of Wolbachia in the tick Ixodes ricinus is due to the presence of the hymenoptera endoparasitoid Ixodiphagus hookeri.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0030692
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Verheyden H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Plantard O;Bouju-Albert A;Malard MA;Hermouet A;Capron G;Verheyden H
蜱携带的微生物的鉴定对于人类和动物健康来说是一个重要问题。除了作为病原体载体的作用外，蜱虫还是共生细菌的宿主，而共生细菌对蜱生物学的影响却鲜为人知。其中，据报道，薄皮沃尔巴克氏菌 (Wolbachia pipientis) 与蓖麻硬蜱和其他蜱种有关。然而，沃尔巴克氏体在蜱中的起源及其对蜱生物学的影响（已知无脊椎动物中非常多样化，从线虫的营养共生体到昆虫的生殖操纵者）尚不清楚。在这里，我们报道了内寄生蜂 Ixodiphagus hookeri（膜翅目、小蜂总科、蜱虫科）——与蜱的发育密切相关——几乎 100% 被属于 Wolbachia 超群的 W. pipientis 菌株感染，该菌株已被报道与其他膜翅目寄生蜂相关。在因胡克伊壁虱而遭受高寄生率的蓖麻伊壁虱自然种群中，我们使用膜翅目和皮皮恩伊壁虱基因片段的特异性PCR引物，结果表明，所有被胡克伊壁虱寄生的未喂食的蜱若虫也含有沃尔巴克氏体，而未寄生的蜱则不含沃尔巴克氏体。我们通过实验证明，从暴露于 I. hookeri 的幼虫中获得的未喂食的若虫，在吞噬其脊椎动物宿主时也含有沃尔巴克氏体。我们推测，先前报道蜱中存在 W. pipientis 的研究是由于内寄生蜂 I. hookeri 的神秘存在。直到现在，这种关联仍然被隐藏，因为蜱虫体内的寄生蜂只有在若虫的肿胀使黄蜂卵摆脱滞育状态时才能被检测到。最后，我们讨论了这一发现对我们了解蜱微生物组的影响，以及它们在病原菌和共生菌之间水平基因转移中的可能作用。
The identification of micro-organisms carried by ticks is an important issue for human and animal health. In addition to their role as pathogen vectors, ticks are also the hosts for symbiotic bacteria whose impact on tick biology is poorly known. Among these, the bacterium Wolbachia pipientis has already been reported associated with Ixodes ricinus and other tick species. However, the origins of Wolbachia in ticks and their consequences on tick biology (known to be very diverse in invertebrates, ranging from nutritional symbionts in nematodes to reproductive manipulators in insects) are unknown. Here we report that the endoparasitoid wasp Ixodiphagus hookeri (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Encyrtidae) – strictly associated with ticks for their development - is infested at almost 100% prevalence by a W. pipientis strain belonging to a Wolbachia supergroup that has already been reported as associated with other hymenopteran parasitoids. In a natural population of I. ricinus that suffers high parasitism rates due to I. hookeri, we used specific PCR primers for both hymenopteran and W. pipientis gene fragments to show that all unfed tick nymphs parasitized by I. hookeri also harbored Wolbachia, while unparasitized ticks were Wolbachia-free. We demonstrated experimentally that unfed nymphs obtained from larvae exposed to I. hookeri while gorging on their vertebrate host also harbor Wolbachia. We hypothesize that previous studies that have reported W. pipientis in ticks are due to the cryptic presence of the endoparasitoid wasp I. hookeri. This association has remained hidden until now because parasitoids within ticks cannot be detected until engorgement of the nymphs brings the wasp eggs out of diapause. Finally, we discuss the consequences of this finding for our understanding of the tick microbiome, and their possible role in horizontal gene transfer among pathogenic and symbiotic bacteria.
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影响因子：
14.9
作者：
Goujon M;McWilliam H;Li W;Valentin F;Squizzato S;Paern J;Lopez R
通讯作者：
Lopez R
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Hotopp, Julie C. Dunning;Clark, Michael E.;Werren, John H.
通讯作者：
Werren, John H.
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Benson, MJ;Gawronski, JD;Benson, DR
通讯作者：
Benson, DR
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Hedges, Lauren M.;Brownlie, Jeremy C.;Johnson, Karyn N.
通讯作者：
Johnson, Karyn N.
影响因子：
10.7
作者：
Baldo, L;Bordenstein, S;Werren, JH
通讯作者：
Werren, JH