The Cat's in the Bag: Despite Limited Cat-to-Cat Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Transmission, One Health Surveillance Efforts Are Needed.
The Cat's in the Bag: Despite Limited Cat-to-Cat Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Transmission, One Health Surveillance Efforts Are Needed.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1093/infdis/jiab106
复制
发表时间：
2021-04-23
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Innes GK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Davis MF;Innes GK
在2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行一周年之际，我们正在经历世纪最大的健康事件之一，其中超过1.09亿人感染了严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2），超过240万人死亡[1]。值得注意的是，SARS-CoV-2，一种可能起源于蝙蝠的人畜共患病毒，很少在家畜种群中引起疾病和死亡（水貂除外）。仅在美国，就有超过2700万人确诊COVID-19，但截至2021年1月15日，只有132只动物（在3625只测试动物中）被诊断为SARS-CoV-2感染阳性。值得注意的是，动物感染主要是家猫（n= 58 [44%]）或外来猫（n= 14 [11%]），包括老虎、狮子、雪豹和美洲狮[1-3]。综合考虑，人类群体中的高SARS-CoV-2感染率、社区环境中的显著COVID-19病例数、宠物所有权的普遍性、家猫群体中的低感染率令人放心，并可能表明猫对症状性SARS-CoV-2感染具有抵抗力。然而，由于集中在人畜共患病病原体上的One Health监测基础设施存在差距，并且在某些情况下，由于资源有限，对动物进行常规检测的指导[4，5]，家猫中的低病例数可能是冰山一角。大多数对家养和外来动物的测试都是临时性的，对非人类物种作为SARS-CoV-2的短暂或长期储存库的潜力知之甚少，特别是在两个最受影响的动物家族中：鼬科动物（水貂）和猫科动物（猫）。国内和国外猫科动物对SARS-CoV-2的易感性已通过实验室条件下的实验感染[6，7]和社区和动物收集环境中的自然感染[2，8-10]建立。Bao等人在本期《传染病杂志》上发表的报告建立在之前对家猫的实验研究的基础上，这些研究确定了猫与猫之间传播的可能性[11，12]，以描述通过雄性和雌性连续传代病毒传播性的减弱。共养猫。换句话说，作者解决了流行病学高度相关的问题：在一系列猫对猫的传播事件之后，SARS-CoV-2在随后感染的猫中的传染性是否减弱？为了回答这个问题，研究人员评估了感染（即供体）猫和未感染受体猫之间的连续传代。供体猫和未处理猫有2天的直接接触，从供体猫接种后1天开始。他们在第二次和第三次传代中重复了这一链，并评估了最初的供体猫是否可以在稍后的时间点传播给新的幼稚猫，建立了晚期暴露模型（感染后6-8天）。在早期和晚期暴露中，与供体猫相比，供体猫的病毒脱落率较低。此外，与早期相比，晚期暴露期间的传递性降低。作者在第一代病毒中未检测到任何遗传变化;然而，无法从后续传代中回收活病毒，这排除了基因组分析。值得注意的是，第一代受体猫在感染后14天的抗体滴度比供体猫低约8倍，并且在第二代或以后的传代中低于受体猫的检测限。Bao等人使用年轻成年猫（8-18个月）证实了先前的病理学和临床发现[6，7，11]：主要是，
At the 1-year anniversary of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we are living through one of the largest health events of the century, where> 109 million people have become infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and> 2.4 million have died [1]. Remarkably, SARS-CoV-2, a zoonotic virus of likely bat origin, infrequently has caused illnesses and deaths among domestic animal populations (except mink). In the United States alone,> 27 million people have had confirmed COVID-19, yet only 132 animals (of 3625 tested) were diagnosed as positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection as of 15 January 2021. Notably, the animal infections were primarily domestic (n= 58 [44%]) or exotic (n= 14 [11%]) cats, including tigers, lions, snow leopards, and a cougar [1–3]. Taken together, the high SARS-CoV-2 infectivity rate among the human population, the significant COVID-19 case numbers in community settings, and the commonality of pet ownership, the low rates of infection within the domestic cat population are reassuring and may suggest that cats have resistance to symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, due to gaps in One Health surveillance infrastructures focused on zoonotic pathogens, and in some cases guidance against routine testing in animals because of limited resources [4, 5], the low case counts among domestic cats may be the tip of the iceberg. Most testing of domestic and exotic animals has been ad hoc, and little is known about the potential for non-human species to serve as transient or longer-term reservoirs for SARS-CoV-2, particularly within the 2 most implicated animal families: mustelids (mink) and felids (cats). Susceptibility of domestic and exotic felids to SARS-CoV-2 has been established via experimental infection under laboratory conditions [6, 7] and natural infection in community and zoological collection settings [2, 8–10]. The report by Bao et al in this issue of The Journal of Infectious Diseases builds on prior experimental studies of domestic cats that established the potential for cat-to-cat transmission [11, 12] to describe attenuation in virus transmissibility through serial passage in both male and female cohoused cats. In other words, the authors addressed the question of high epidemiological relevance: After a series of cat-to-cat transmission events, does the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 in the subsequently infected cats weaken? To answer this question, researchers assessed serial passage between infected (ie, donor) cats and naive recipient cats. Donor and naive cats had 2 days of direct contact which began 1 day after donor cat inoculation. They repeated this chain for a second and third passage and assessed whether the original donor cats could transmit to new naive cats at a later point, modeling a latestage exposure (6–8 days postinfection). Recipient cats demonstrated lower viral shedding rates compared to the donor cats for both early-and late-stage exposures. Furthermore, transmissibility decreased during late-stage exposure compared to early-stage. The authors did not detect any genetic changes in the first passage of virus; however, live virus could not be recovered from subsequent passages, which precluded genomic analysis. Of note, antibody titers at 14 days postinfection were approximately 8-fold lower for firstpassage recipient cats than donor cats and were below the limit of detection for recipient cats in the second or later passages. Using young adult cats (8–18 months), Bao et al confirmed prior pathological and clinical findings [6, 7, 11]: chiefly,
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Welkers MRA;Han AX;Reusken CBEM;Eggink D
通讯作者：
Eggink D
影响因子：
13.2
作者：
Zhang Q;Zhang H;Gao J;Huang K;Yang Y;Hui X;He X;Li C;Gong W;Zhang Y;Zhao Y;Peng C;Gao X;Chen H;Zou Z;Shi ZL;Jin M
通讯作者：
Jin M
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Li W;Moore MJ;Vasilieva N;Sui J;Wong SK;Berne MA;Somasundaran M;Sullivan JL;Luzuriaga K;Greenough TC;Choe H;Farzan M
通讯作者：
Farzan M
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2001.0888
发表时间：
2001-07-29
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Taylor, LH;Latham, SM;Woolhouse, MEJ
通讯作者：
Woolhouse, MEJ
DOI：
10.1146/annurev-animal-030117-014628
发表时间：
2018-01-01
期刊：
ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANIMAL BIOSCIENCES, VOL 6
影响因子：
--
作者：
Bird, Brian H.;Mazet, Jonna A. K.
通讯作者：
Mazet, Jonna A. K.