Current tissue engineering and novel therapeutic approaches to axonal regeneration following spinal cord injury using polymer scaffolds.
Current tissue engineering and novel therapeutic approaches to axonal regeneration following spinal cord injury using polymer scaffolds.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.resp.2009.08.015
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发表时间：
2009-11-30
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Windebank, Anthony J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Madigan, Nicolas N.;McMahon, Siobhan;O'Brien, Timothy;Yaszemski, Michael J.;Windebank, Anthony J.
本文综述了目前组织工程和脊髓损伤后轴突再生的新治疗方法。开发用于放置到脊髓横断模型中的三维聚合物支架的概念最近已被更广泛地探索作为损伤后恢复神经功能的解决方案。考虑到与呼吸损害相关的患者发病率，脊髓中输送呼吸神经支配的离散束代表了重要且可实现的治疗目标。其目的是从周围健康的脊髓中获得新的神经元组织，这些组织将由聚合物植入物引导通过受伤区域进行功能性重新连接。已经开发了多种天然和合成的生物材料聚合物用于放置在受伤的脊髓中。轴突生长由所选聚合物的固有性质、支架的结构、允许的微结构（如孔、凹槽或聚合物纤维）和表面改性来支持，以提供改善的粘附性和生长方向性。轴突再生的结构支持与用于治疗药物和神经营养分子的集成聚合物和细胞递送系统相结合，以使特定神经群体的生长区域化。
This review highlights current tissue engineering and novel therapeutic approaches to axonal regeneration following spinal cord injury. The concept of developing 3-dimensional polymer scaffolds for placement into a spinal cord transection model has recently been more extensively explored as a solution for restoring neurologic function after injury. Given the patient morbidity associated with respiratory compromise, the discrete tracts in the spinal cord conveying innervation for breathing represent an important and achievable therapeutic target. The aim is to derive new neuronal tissue from the surrounding, healthy cord that will be guided by the polymer implant through the injured area to make functional reconnections. A variety of naturally derived and synthetic biomaterial polymers have been developed for placement in the injured spinal cord. Axonal growth is supported by inherent properties of the selected polymer, the architecture of the scaffold, permissive microstructures such as pores, grooves or polymer fibres, and surface modifications to provide improved adherence and growth directionality. Structural support of axonal regeneration is combined with integrated polymeric and cellular delivery systems for therapeutic drugs and for neurotrophic molecules to regionalize growth of specific nerve populations.
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