Authoritarianism, religious fundamentalism, and the human prefrontal cortex.
Authoritarianism, religious fundamentalism, and the human prefrontal cortex.
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DOI：
10.1037/a0028526
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发表时间：
2012-07
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Tranel, Daniel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Asp, Erik;Ramchandran, Kanchna;Tranel, Daniel
怀疑和怀疑的心理过程最近成为神经科学研究的主题。在此背景下，我们发展了错误标签理论，这是一种信念和怀疑过程的神经生物学模型，该模型提出前额叶皮层对于正确理解认知表征的规范性怀疑至关重要。在这里，我们将我们的理论进行了实证检验，假设前额皮质受损的患者会有怀疑缺陷，这将表现为更高的威权主义和宗教原教旨主义。10名双侧腹内侧前额叶皮层（vmPFC）受损的患者，10名vmPFC外区域受损的患者，以及16名经历了危及生命（但非神经系统）的医疗事件的患者，完成了一系列测量专制主义、宗教原教旨主义和特定宗教信仰的量表。VMPFC患者报告的专制主义和宗教原教旨主义明显高于其他组。vmPFC组的权威主义和宗教原教旨主义程度也显著高于规范价值观；相比之下，对照组与正常值没有差异。此外，vmPFC患者在脑损伤后报告了特定宗教信仰的增加。这些发现支持了错误标签理论，并表明vmPFC对心理怀疑和抵抗权威说服至关重要。
The psychological processes of doubting and skepticism have recently become topics of neuroscientific investigation. In this context, we developed the False Tagging Theory, a neurobiological model of the belief and doubt process, which proposes that the prefrontal cortex is critical for normative doubt regarding properly comprehended cognitive representations. Here, we put our theory to an empirical test, hypothesizing that patients with prefrontal cortex damage would have a doubt deficit that would manifest as higher authoritarianism and religious fundamentalism. Ten patients with bilateral damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), ten patients with damage to areas outside the vmPFC, and sixteen medical comparison patients, who experienced life-threatening (but non-neurological) medical events, completed a series of scales measuring authoritarianism, religious fundamentalism, and specific religious beliefs. VMPFC patients reported significantly higher authoritarianism and religious fundamentalism than the other groups. The degrees of authoritarianism and religious fundamentalism in the vmPFC group were significantly higher than normative values, as well; by contrast, the comparison groups did not differ from normative values. Moreover, vmPFC patients reported increased specific religious beliefs after brain injury. The findings support the False Tagging Theory, and suggest that the vmPFC is critical for psychological doubt and resistance to authoritarian persuasion.
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