The interactions and hierarchical effects of long-term agricultural stressors on soil bacterial communities.
The interactions and hierarchical effects of long-term agricultural stressors on soil bacterial communities.
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DOI：
10.1111/1758-2229.13106
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发表时间：
2022-10
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
土壤受到多种人为改变，但同时发生的环境压力对地下群落的协同影响尚不清楚。我们利用1152个大尺度、长期（26年）的多因子草地试验，评估了五种常见的农业实践（农药、除草剂、石灰、肥料和放牧）对土壤微生物群落组成和活性的影响及其相互作用。我们证实了pH值对地下群落的强烈影响，但进一步证明了pH值对其他管理因素的影响具有强烈的中介作用。值得注意的是，石灰处理与农药施用效果之间存在显著的交互作用，在石灰处理和无石灰处理中，只有一半的类群对农药有响应。同样地，养分修正显著改变了酸性土壤中的细菌群落结构。这些结果不仅突出了常用农业实践的层次效应，而且突出了处理之间广泛的相互作用：即使在没有显著主效应的情况下，许多分类群也受到处理之间相互作用的显著影响。此外，结果表明，尽管经过20多年的处理，化学改进剂可能不会深入渗透到物理未受干扰的土壤中，其影响集中在0 ~ 30 cm之间。研究表明，未来农业实践的变化将需要考虑多种因素之间的相互作用。
Soils are subjected to multiple anthropogenic modifications, but the synergistic impacts of simultaneous environmental stressors on below‐ground communities are poorly understood. We used a large‐scale (1152 plots), long‐term (26 years), multi‐factorial grassland experiment to assess the impact of five common agricultural practises (pesticides, herbicide, liming, fertilizers and grazing exclusion) and their interactive effects on the composition and activity of soil microbial communities. We confirmed that pH strongly impacts belowground communities, but further demonstrate that pH strongly mediates the impacts of other management factors. Notably, there was a significant interaction between liming and the effect of pesticide application, with only half of the taxa responding to pesticide being shared in both limed and unlimed treatments. Likewise, nutrient amendments significantly altered bacterial community structure in acidic soils. Not only do these results highlight an hierarchy of effect of commonly used agricultural practices but also the widespread interactions between treatments: many taxa were significantly affected by interactions between treatments, even in the absence of significant main effects. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that chemical amendments may not percolate deeply into physically unperturbed soils with effects concentrated between 0 and 30 cm, despite 20+ years of treatment. The research shows that future changes to agricultural practices will need to consider interactions among multiple factors.
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