Complex agricultural landscapes host more biodiversity than simple ones: A global meta-analysis.
Complex agricultural landscapes host more biodiversity than simple ones: A global meta-analysis.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2203385119
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发表时间：
2022-09-20
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
农业用地是世界上最大的人工管理的生态系统，它构成了连接残存和支离破碎的自然植被的基质，在这些地方，非驯化的生物多样性难以生存。增加这一基质可以提供给生物多样性的资源对于阻止生物多样性的丧失至关重要。我们的综合荟萃分析表明，农地景观复杂性的增加对生物多样性具有积极而显著的影响。我们在复杂的景观中发现了更多的生物多样性，这可能有助于农业生产、生态系统弹性和人类福祉。目前的生物多样性保护战略往往侧重于自然生态系统，往往忽视了在农业景观中提高生物多样性的机会。我们的发现为在景观一级协同管理农业以保护生物多样性和可持续生产提供了强有力的科学证据基础。管理农业景观以支持生物多样性保护需要在全球范围内进行深刻的结构性变革。通常，讨论集中在外地一级的管理上。然而，越来越多的证据呼吁缩小农业政策、研究和景观干预的目标，以阻止和扭转生物多样性的下降，增加农业景观中生物多样性中介的生态系统服务，并改善这些生态系统的弹性和适应性。我们通过对157篇同行评审文章中1,134个影响大小的荟萃分析，对景观复杂性对非驯化陆地生物多样性的影响进行了迄今为止最全面的评估。通过成分、配置或异质性的变化增加景观的复杂性对生物多样性产生显著和积极的影响。更复杂的地貌拥有更多的生物多样性(丰富度、丰富度和均衡度)，这对可持续农业生产和保护具有潜在的好处，其影响可能被低估。少数评估线性(例如树篱)和面状(例如林地)元素的综合贡献的文章导致影响大小(即生物多样性水平)几乎是单独衡量这些元素的主要研究数量的两倍。同样，在监测生物多样性至少两年的文章中，对生物多样性的积极影响比主要的一年监测工作更强。此外，当监测发生在不重叠的景观中时，存在积极和更强的影响，突出了长期和强有力设计的监测工作的必要性。与自然和谐共处将需要转变范式，在农场和景观层面上重视和促进多功能农业，并制定研究议程，理清复杂农业景观在当前和未来条件下对人和自然的贡献。
Agricultural land, the world’s largest human-managed ecosystem, forms the matrix that connects remnant and fragmented patches of natural vegetation where nondomesticated biodiversity struggles to survive. Increasing the resources that this matrix can offer to biodiversity is critical to halting biodiversity loss. Our comprehensive meta-analysis demonstrates the positive and significant effect on biodiversity of increasing landscape complexity in agricultural lands. We found more biodiversity in complex landscapes, potentially contributing to agriculture production, ecosystem resilience, and human well-being. Current biodiversity conservation strategies tend to focus on natural ecosystems, often ignoring opportunities to boost biodiversity in agricultural landscapes. Our findings provide a strong scientific evidence base for synergistically managing agriculture at the landscape level for biodiversity conservation and sustainable production. Managing agricultural landscapes to support biodiversity conservation requires profound structural changes worldwide. Often, discussions are centered on management at the field level. However, a wide and growing body of evidence calls for zooming out and targeting agricultural policies, research, and interventions at the landscape level to halt and reverse the decline in biodiversity, increase biodiversity-mediated ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes, and improve the resilience and adaptability of these ecosystems. We conducted the most comprehensive assessment to date on landscape complexity effects on nondomesticated terrestrial biodiversity through a meta-analysis of 1,134 effect sizes from 157 peer-reviewed articles. Increasing landscape complexity through changes in composition, configuration, or heterogeneity significatively and positively affects biodiversity. More complex landscapes host more biodiversity (richness, abundance, and evenness) with potential benefits to sustainable agricultural production and conservation, and effects are likely underestimated. The few articles that assessed the combined contribution of linear (e.g., hedgerows) and areal (e.g., woodlots) elements resulted in a near-doubling of the effect sizes (i.e., biodiversity level) compared to the dominant number of studies measuring these elements separately. Similarly, positive effects on biodiversity are stronger in articles monitoring biodiversity for at least 2 y compared to the dominant 1-y monitoring efforts. Besides, positive and stronger effects exist when monitoring occurs in nonoverlapping landscapes, highlighting the need for long-term and robustly designed monitoring efforts. Living in harmony with nature will require shifting paradigms toward valuing and promoting multifunctional agriculture at the farm and landscape levels with a research agenda that untangles complex agricultural landscapes’ contributions to people and nature under current and future conditions.
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影响因子：
6.5
作者：
Bengtsson, J;Angelstam, P;Nyström, M
通讯作者：
Nyström, M
影响因子：
6.6
作者：
Batary, Peter;Holzschuh, Andrea;Tscharntke, Teja
通讯作者：
Tscharntke, Teja
影响因子：
2
作者：
Cormont, A.;Siepel, H.;de Snoo, G. R.
通讯作者：
de Snoo, G. R.
影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Aguilera, Guillermo;Roslin, Tomas;Bommarco, Riccardo
通讯作者：
Bommarco, Riccardo
影响因子：
6.6
作者：
Altieri, MA
通讯作者：
Altieri, MA