Breast milk oligosaccharides: structure-function relationships in the neonate.

Breast milk oligosaccharides: structure-function relationships in the neonate.
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DOI:
10.1146/annurev-nutr-071813-105721
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发表时间:
2014
影响因子:
8.9
通讯作者:
Freeman SL
Freeman SL
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Smilowitz JT;Lebrilla CB;Mills DA;German JB;Freeman SL

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除了提供完整的产后营养外,母乳还是一种复杂的生物流体,为肠道和免疫系统的生长和发育提供生物活性成分。哺乳期是了解饮食在塑造肠道环境(包括婴儿微生物组)中的作用的独特机会。值得关注的是,母乳聚糖的多样性和丰富性,这些聚糖的产生对乳腺来说是能量上昂贵的,但婴儿不能消化。乳聚糖包括游离寡糖、糖蛋白、糖肽和糖脂。新兴的技术进步使得对这些不同类别的牛奶聚糖进行更全面、灵敏和快速的分析成为可能。了解个体间和个体内聚糖多样性对功能的影响,是改善健康和预防疾病的重要一步。这篇综述讨论了聚糖分析技术的现状,以及具体的结构-功能知识如何增强我们对新生儿早期营养的理解。
In addition to providing complete postnatal nutrition, breast milk is a complex biofluid that delivers bioactive components for the growth and development of the intestinal and immune systems. Lactation is a unique opportunity to understand the role of diet in shaping the intestinal environment including the infant microbiome. Of considerable interest is the diversity and abundance of milk glycans that are energetically costly for the mammary gland to produce yet indigestible by infants. Milk glycans comprise free oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, glycopeptides, and glycolipids. Emerging technological advances are enabling more comprehensive, sensitive, and rapid analyses of these different classes of milk glycans. Understanding the impact of inter- and intraindividual glycan diversity on function is an important step toward interventions aimed at improving health and preventing disease. This review discusses the state of technology for glycan analysis and how specific structure-function knowledge is enhancing our understanding of early nutrition in the neonate.
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