Future Changes in Snowpack, Snowmelt, and Runoff Potential Extremes Over North America

Future Changes in Snowpack, Snowmelt, and Runoff Potential Extremes Over North America
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北美地区积雪、融雪和径流潜在极端情况的未来变化

DOI:
10.1029/2021gl094985
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
5.2
通讯作者:
Jacobs, Jennifer M.
Jacobs, Jennifer M.
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Cho, Eunsang;McCrary, Rachel R.;Jacobs, Jennifer M.

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积雪和融雪驱动的极端事件(如洪水)具有包括基础设施故障在内的重大社会后果。然而,目前还不清楚北美地区与雪有关的极端事件的预估变化是如何不同的。通过动态缩小尺度的区域气候模式(RCM)模拟,我们发现,到21世纪后期,美国大陆和加拿大南部的极端雪水当量、融雪量和径流潜力(RP;融雪量加降水)分别减少了72%、73%和45%,而阿拉斯加和加拿大北部分别增加了8%、53%和41%。在加利福尼亚和太平洋西北地区,到本世纪末,极端RP显著增加了21%,而融雪量减少了31%。在气候变暖的情况下,这些地区可能容易受到更大的雨雪洪水的影响。确定了RCM组合中变化较大的区域,需要进一步研究以减少区域不确定性。
Snowpack and snowmelt‐driven extreme events (e.g., floods) have large societal consequences including infrastructure failures. However, it is not well understood how projected changes in the snow‐related extremes differ across North America. Using dynamically downscaled regional climate model (RCM) simulations, we found that the magnitudes of extreme snow water equivalent, snowmelt, and runoff potential (RP; snowmelt plus precipitation) decrease by 72%, 73%, and 45%, respectively, over the continental United States and southern Canada but increase by up to 8%, 53%, and 41% in Alaska and northern Canada by the late 21st century. In California and the Pacific Northwest, there is a notable increase in extreme RP by 21% contrary to a decrease in snowmelt by 31% by the late century. These regions could be vulnerable to larger rain‐on‐snow floods in a warmer climate. Regions with a large variability among RCM ensembles are identified, which require further investigation to reduce the regional uncertainties.
科罗拉多河流域下游盐河流域冬季输入缓冲水流对积雪损失的敏感性
DOI: --
发表时间: 2020
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发表时间: 2020-10-01
影响因子: 5.4
作者:
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通讯作者: Jacobs, Jennifer M.