Prenatal alcohol exposure increases postnatal acceptability of nicotine odor and taste in adolescent rats.
Prenatal alcohol exposure increases postnatal acceptability of nicotine odor and taste in adolescent rats.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0102255
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Youngentob SL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mantella NM;Youngentob SL
人体研究表明，怀孕期间接触酒精不仅会增加以后酗酒的机会，还会增加尼古丁依赖。酒精和尼古丁的风味属性可能是其初始接受度的重要决定因素，并且它们都具有令人厌恶的气味、苦味和口腔刺激的组分化学感觉品质。越来越多的证据表明，胎儿酒精暴露通过表观遗传化学感受机制增加了青少年对酒精的接受程度，部分原因是减少了对酒精苦味和口腔刺激性以及气味的厌恶。考虑到酒精和尼古丁具有值得注意的共同化学感觉特性，我们研究了胎儿暴露于酒精是否会增加青春期大鼠对尼古丁气味和味道的接受程度。研究大鼠在胎儿发育期间通过母鼠的流质饮食暴露于酒精。对照组动物在整个妊娠期接受等热量、等营养饮食。分别使用全身体积描记法和简短的舔试，获得了气味诱导的对尼古丁气味的先天行为反应（实验1）或对尼古丁溶液的口腔感觉介导的反应（实验2）。与对照组相比，暴露于胎儿酒精的大鼠表现出增强的尼古丁气味反应，这是由于尼古丁的口腔可接受性增加。考虑到这两种药物的风味特征中都含有共同的厌恶成分，我们的研究结果表明，就像出生后的酒精亲和力一样，胎儿酒精暴露也会影响尼古丁的接受程度，至少通过减少其气味和味道的厌恶程度。此外，他们强调了潜在的基于化学感觉的机制，通过该机制，胎儿酒精暴露增加了尼古丁使用的后期初始风险，从而导致了与酒精亲和力增强的共病表达。在常见化学感受机制发挥作用的情况下，我们的结果表明，胎儿接触一种滥用物质的后果以及其他物质的初始可接受性具有更广泛的影响。
Human studies indicate that alcohol exposure during gestation not only increases the chance for later alcohol abuse, but also nicotine dependence. The flavor attributes of both alcohol and nicotine can be important determinants of their initial acceptance and they both share the component chemosensory qualities of an aversive odor, bitter taste and oral irritation. There is a growing body of evidence demonstrating epigenetic chemosensory mechanisms through which fetal alcohol exposure increases adolescent alcohol acceptance, in part, by decreasing the aversion to alcohol's bitter and oral irritation qualities, as well as its odor. Given that alcohol and nicotine have noteworthy chemosensory qualities in common, we investigated whether fetal exposure to alcohol increased the acceptability of nicotine's odor and taste in adolescent rats. Study rats were alcohol-exposed during fetal development via the dams' liquid diet. Control animals received ad lib access to an iso-caloric, iso-nutritive diet throughout gestation. Odorant-induced innate behavioral responses to nicotine odor (Experiment 1) or orosensory-mediated responses to nicotine solutions (Experiment 2) were obtained, using whole-body plethysmography and brief access lick tests, respectively. Compared to controls, rats exposed to fetal alcohol showed an enhanced nicotine odor response that was paralleled by increased oral acceptability of nicotine. Given the common aversive component qualities imbued in the flavor profiles of both drugs, our findings demonstrate that like postnatal alcohol avidity, fetal alcohol exposure also influences nicotine acceptance, at a minimum, by decreasing the aversion of both its smell and taste. Moreover, they highlight potential chemosensory-based mechanism(s) by which fetal alcohol exposure increases the later initial risk for nicotine use, thereby contributing to the co-morbid expression with enhanced alcohol avidity. Where common chemosensory mechanisms are at play, our results suggest broader implications related to the consequence of fetal exposure with one substance of abuse and initial acceptability of others.
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影响因子：
5.1
作者：
Eade, Amber M.;Sheehe, Paul R.;Youngentob, Steven L.
通讯作者：
Youngentob, Steven L.
DOI：
10.1007/bf01951644
发表时间：
1987-08-15
期刊：
EXPERIENTIA
影响因子：
--
作者：
EDWARDS, DA;MATHER, RA;DODD, GH
通讯作者：
DODD, GH
影响因子：
--
作者：
Alati, Rosa;Al Mamun, Abdullah;Bor, William
通讯作者：
Bor, William
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
DRISCOLL, CD;STREISSGUTH, AP;RILEY, EP
通讯作者：
RILEY, EP
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
BRESLAU, N
通讯作者：
BRESLAU, N