Sensitivity to line-of-sight in tolerant versus despotic macaques (Macaca sylvanus and Macaca mulatta).
Sensitivity to line-of-sight in tolerant versus despotic macaques (Macaca sylvanus and Macaca mulatta).
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DOI：
10.1037/com0000309
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发表时间：
2022-05
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Rosati, Alexandra G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bettle, Rosemary;Rosati, Alexandra G.
复杂的社会生活被认为对灵长类认知的进化非常重要。灵长类动物社会互动的一个关键方面是个体在社会群体中面临的竞争程度。为了研究社会宽容与竞争如何塑造社会认知，我们通过实验评估了更宽容的巴巴利猕猴（Macaca mulus）的灵活凝视能力，并与专制恒河猴（Macaca mulatta）的先前数据进行了比较。猴子观察到一个演员向上看，要么是头顶上的障碍物，所以猴子在没有重新定向的情况下无法直接看到凝视的目标，或者是当没有障碍物存在时，所以猴子也可以通过向上凝视来观察目标位置。这两个物种（N= 58巴巴利猕猴，64恒河猴）可以灵活地调节他们的凝视反应，占演示者的视线，看起来更频繁时，没有障碍，这种灵活的调制下降，随着年龄的增长，在这两个物种。然而，这两个物种优先接近看屏障内时，他们的目标位置的看法是模糊的，虽然恒河猴接近更全面。这种模式表明，宽容和专制的猕猴都表现出类似的跟踪他人视线的能力，并且不会优先重新调整身体方向来观察演员在这种情况下看什么。这与其他研究结果形成了鲜明对比，其他研究表明，竞争性灵长类动物特别擅长心理理论的某些方面。因此，了解具有不同社会风格的灵长类动物的社会认知能力的相似性和差异是很重要的。
Complex social life is considered important to the evolution of cognition in primates. One key aspect of primate social interactions concerns the degree of competition that individuals face in their social group. To examine how social tolerance versus competition shapes social cognition, we experimentally assessed capacities for flexible gaze-following in more tolerant Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) and compared to prior data from despotic rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Monkeys observed an actor look upwards either into an overhead barrier, so monkeys could not directly see the target of gaze without reorienting, or when no barrier was present, so monkeys could observe the target location by also gazing upwards. Both species (N= 58 Barbary macaques, 64 rhesus macaques) could flexibly modulate their gaze responses to account for the demonstrator’s line-of-sight, looking up more often when no barrier was present, and this flexible modulation declined with age in both species. However, neither species preferentially approached to look inside the barrier when their view of the target location was obscured, although rhesus macaques approached more overall. This pattern suggests that both tolerant and despotic macaques exhibit similar capacities to track other’s line-of-sight, and do not preferentially reorient their bodies to observe what an actor looks at in this situation. This contrasts with other work indicating that competitive primates are especially adept at some aspects of theory of mind. Thus, it is important to understand both the similarities and differences in the social cognitive abilities of primates with different social styles.
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