Declines in sex ratio at birth and fetal deaths in Japan, and in U.S. whites but not African Americans.
Declines in sex ratio at birth and fetal deaths in Japan, and in U.S. whites but not African Americans.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.9540
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发表时间：
2007-06
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Doi R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Davis DL;Webster P;Stainthorpe H;Chilton J;Jones L;Doi R
人们普遍认为出生的男婴与女婴的比例为1.05，也就是0.515的男性比例。我们描述了美国、非裔美国人和白人以及日本这两个拥有完善的健康数据基础设施的工业国出生性别比和胎儿死亡率的趋势，并推测了可能的解释。收集了来自国家统计机构的公共卫生记录，使用SPSS创建了有关美国(1970-2002年)和日本(1970-1999年)出生性别比和胎儿死亡的信息。日本和美国白人的出生性别比显著下降，但非洲裔美国人的出生性别比却没有显著下降，他们的性别比仍然明显低于白人。在日本和美国，男性胎儿死亡的比例总体上有所上升。美国的13.5万名白人男性和日本的12.7万名男性的性别比下降相当于从男性出生转变为女性出生。已知的和假设的导致出生性别比降低和胎儿死亡的风险因素不能完全解释最近的趋势或种族或国家差异。无论是可避免的环境因素还是其他因素--如广泛接触金属雌激素或其他已知或可疑的内分泌干扰物质、父母年龄的变化、肥胖、辅助生殖或营养--是否可能是这些模式中的一些因素，值得认真关注。
The expected ratio of male to female births is generally believed to be 1.05, also described as the male proportion of 0.515. We describe trends in sex ratio at birth and in fetal deaths in the United States, in African Americans and in whites, and in Japan, two industrial countries with well-characterized health data infrastructures, and we speculate about possible explanations. Public health records from national statistical agencies were assembled to create information on sex ratio at birth and in fetal deaths in the United States (1970–2002) and Japan (1970–1999), using SPSS. Sex ratio at birth has declined significantly in Japan and in U.S. whites, but not for African Americans, for whom sex ratio remains significantly lower than that of whites. The male proportion of fetal death has increased overall in Japan and in the United States. Sex ratio declines are equivalent to a shift from male to female births of 135,000 white males in the United States and 127,000 males in Japan. Known and hypothesized risk factors for reduced sex ratio at birth and in fetal deaths cannot account fully for recent trends or racial or national differences. Whether avoidable environmental or other factors—such as widespread exposure to metalloestrogens or other known or suspected endocrine-disrupting materials, changes in parental age, obesity, assisted reproduction, or nutrition—may account for some of these patterns is a matter that merits serious concern.
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影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Garry, VF;Schreinemachers, D;Griffith, J
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
2.9
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5
作者：
EGELAND, GM;SWEENEY, MH;HALPERIN, WE
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
8.3
作者：
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影响因子：
168.9
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通讯作者：
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