Nuclear architecture as an epigenetic regulator of neural development and function.

Nuclear architecture as an epigenetic regulator of neural development and function.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.01.044
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发表时间:
2014-04-04
期刊:
影响因子:
3.3
通讯作者:
Lomvardas, S.
Lomvardas, S.
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Alexander, J. M.;Lomvardas, S.

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高等生物的神经系统的特征在于细胞类型的巨大多样性,这些细胞类型协同地执行无数的神经元功能。连接性的差异以及连接神经元的后续生理学是转录程序差异的结果。神经系统的异常复杂性需要一个同样复杂的调节系统。它是公认的,转录因子的组合和顺式调控序列的组织控制分化程序的承诺,并保持神经元功能所需的核可塑性。然而,表观遗传控制提供了额外的调节水平。在各种表观遗传过程中,核组织和基因组结构的控制作为一种有效和强大的基因调控形式出现,满足有丝分裂后神经元的独特需求。在这里,我们提出了一个大纲,核结构如何影响转录,并提供从最近的文献中,这些原则被神经系统使用的例子。
The nervous system of higher organisms is characterized by an enormous diversity of cell types that function in concert to carry out a myriad of neuronal functions. Differences in connectivity, and subsequent physiology of the connected neurons, are a result of differences in transcriptional programs. The extraordinary complexity of the nervous system requires an equally complex regulatory system. It is well established that transcription factor combinations and the organization of cis-regulatory sequences control commitment to differentiation programs and preserve a nuclear plasticity required for neuronal functions. However, an additional level of regulation is provided by epigenetic controls. Among various epigenetic processes, nuclear organization and the control of genome architecture emerge as an efficient and powerful form of gene regulation that meets the unique needs of the post-mitotic neuron. Here, we present an outline of how nuclear architecture affects transcription and provide examples from the recent literature where these principles are used by the nervous system.
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