Effects of MDMA on sociability and neural response to social threat and social reward.
Effects of MDMA on sociability and neural response to social threat and social reward.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00213-009-1635-z
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发表时间：
2009-11
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
de Wit, Harriet
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bedi, Gillinder;Phan, K. Luan;Angstadt, Mike;de Wit, Harriet
据报道，±3，4-亚甲基二氧基甲基苯丙胺(MDMA，“摇头丸”)会产生独特的主观效果，包括增加社交能力，与他人亲近的感觉，以及降低人际防御能力。尽管MDMA在娱乐和潜在的心理治疗应用中具有明显的重要性，但人们对这些人际影响的定义特征和神经生物学机制知之甚少。我们调查了MDMA对自我报告的社交能力以及对社交威胁(愤怒和恐惧的面孔)和社交奖励(快乐的面孔)刺激反应的神经元激活的急性影响。社会威胁反应的评估侧重于杏仁核的激活，而社会奖励的评估侧重于腹侧纹状体的激活。报告使用摇头丸的健康志愿者(N=9)完成了三个实验阶段，在双盲条件下接受MDMA(0.75 mg/kg和1.5 mg/kg)和安慰剂(PBO)。在药物效应高峰期，参与者接受了功能磁共振成像，同时观看描述情绪面部表情的标准化图像，包括愤怒、恐惧、高兴和中性表情。他们还完成了社交能力的标准化自我报告测量。与MDMA(0.75 mg/kg)和PBO相比，MDMA(1.5 mg/kg)增加了自我报告的社交能力。与PBO相比，MDMA(1.5 mg/kg)减弱了左侧杏仁核对愤怒表情的反应，但MDMA不影响杏仁核对恐惧表情的反应。相对于PBO，MDMA(0.75 mg/kg)可增强腹侧纹状体对快乐表情的反应。这些数据提供了第一个证据，表明MDMA可以通过减少对威胁刺激的反应和增强对奖励社会信号的反应来提高人类的社交能力。
±3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ‘ecstasy’) reportedly produces unique subjective effects, including increased sociability, feelings of closeness with others, and reduced interpersonal defensiveness. Despite their apparent importance in recreational and potential psychotherapeutic use of MDMA, the defining characteristics and neurobiological mechanisms of these interpersonal effects are poorly understood. We investigated acute effects of MDMA on self-reported sociability, and neuronal activation in response to socially threatening (angry and fearful faces) and socially rewarding (happy faces) stimuli. Assessment of social threat response focused on amygdala activation, whereas assessment of social reward focused on ventral striatum activation. Healthy volunteers (N=9) reporting past ecstasy use completed three experimental sessions, receiving MDMA (0.75mg/kg, and 1.5mg/kg), and placebo (PBO) under double-blind conditions. During peak drug effects, participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while viewing standardized images depicting emotional facial expressions including angry, fearful, happy and neutral expressions. They also completed standardized self-report measures of sociability. MDMA (1.5mg/kg) increased self-reported sociability compared to MDMA (0.75mg/kg) and PBO. MDMA (1.5mg/kg) attenuated left amygdala response to angry facial expressions compared to PBO, but MDMA did not affect amygdala reactivity to fearful expressions. MDMA (0.75mg/kg) enhanced ventral striatum response to happy expressions relative to PBO. These data present the first evidence that MDMA may increase sociability in humans both by diminishing responses to threatening stimuli and enhancing responses to rewarding social signals.
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