Wild orangutans can simultaneously use two independent vocal sound sources similarly to songbirds and human beatboxers.
Wild orangutans can simultaneously use two independent vocal sound sources similarly to songbirds and human beatboxers.
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DOI：
10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad182
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发表时间：
2023-06
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hardus, Madeleine E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lameira, Adriano R.;Hardus, Madeleine E.
语言是人类有史以来最复杂的运动任务之一。鸣禽通过对鸣管中两个声源的精确和同时的运动控制，在歌曲制作过程中达到了这一成就。综合和复杂的运动控制，使鸣禽比较模型卓越的语音进化，然而，与人类的系统发育距离阻止了更好地了解的前体，在人类谱系内，推动了先进的声乐运动控制和语音的出现。在这里，我们报告了野生猩猩的两种双音呼叫组合，它们在发音上类似于人类的节拍拳击，并且是由两个发声声源的同时运动引起的：一个清音源通过嘴唇、舌头和下巴的发音操纵来实现，如典型地用于类似辅音的呼叫产生，加上一个通过喉部动作和语音激活实现的语音源，如典型地用于元音样呼叫产生的。红毛猩猩双音呼叫组合展示了未被欣赏的水平，和不同的神经运动通道，在野生大猩猩的发声运动控制，提供了一个直接的声乐运动模拟鸟鸣的基础上精确和同时共同控制的两个声源。研究结果表明，语音和人类的声音流畅性可能建立在复杂的呼叫组合，协调和协同发音的能力，涉及元音和辅音的呼吁在一个祖先的原始人。
Speech is among the most complex motoric tasks humans ever perform. Songbirds match this achievement during song production through the precise and simultaneous motor control of two sound sources in the syrinx. Integrated and intricate motor control has made songbirds comparative models par excellence for the evolution of speech, however, phylogenetic distance with humans prevents an improved understanding of the precursors that, within the human lineage, drove the emergence of advanced vocal motor control and speech. Here, we report two types of biphonic call combination in wild orangutans that articulatorily resemble human beatboxing and that result from the simultaneous exercise of two vocal sound sources: one unvoiced source achieved through articulatory maneuvering of the lips, tongue, and jaw as typically used for consonant-like call production, plus one voiced source achieved through laryngeal action and voice activation as typically used for vowel-like call production. Orangutan biphonic call combinations showcase unappreciated levels of, and distinct neuromotor channels for, vocal motor control in a wild great ape, providing a direct vocal motor analogy with birdsong based on the precise and simultaneous co-control of two sound sources. Findings suggest that speech and human vocal fluency likely built upon complex call combination, coordination and coarticulation capacities that involved vowel-like and consonant-like calls in an ancestral hominid.
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