Dental calculus as a tool to study the evolution of the oral microbiome in mammals
Dental calculus as a tool to study the evolution of the oral microbiome in mammals
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牙结石作为研究哺乳动物口腔微生物组进化的工具
DOI：
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
K. Guschanski
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jaelle C. Brealey;Henrique G Leitão;Wenbo Xu;L. Dalén;K. Guschanski
微生物组和其宿主有着悠久的共同进化历史，其定义是环境和宿主遗传因素之间复杂的相互作用。然而，我们对宿主相关微生物群如何受到外部和内在长期过程的影响的了解非常有限，例如气候变化和宿主人口统计学。为此，我们需要研究微生物群随时间的变化，研究已知的影响宿主的历史事件。牙结石是脊椎动物牙齿上形成的微生物生物膜的钙化形式，是少数几种几乎不会随时间保持不变的微生物底物之一。对古老的牙石进行超基因组测序为人类提供了有价值的见解，但很少有研究试图描述非人类动物的牙石微生物群。我们将牙科微积分作为研究寄主相关微生物群进化的有价值的研究工具。我们从大猩猩、熊和驯鹿等不同物种中恢复了可识别的口腔微生物群特征，并确定了可能是每个宿主物种特有的微生物子集。我们在有口腔疾病证据的标本中检测口腔病原体，识别微生物代谢途径，表征抗生素耐药性基因，并使用牙结石的元基因组分析恢复宿主DNA。此外，我们确定了处理来自非人类哺乳动物的历史元基因组数据的重要策略和当前的限制。有了这一新工具，我们现在可以研究微生物组组成和功能的变化，这是数千年来宿主历史上外部和内部过程的结果。
The microbiome and its host have a long history of co-evolution, defined by a complex interplay between environmental and host genetic factors. Yet, we have a very limited understanding of how the host-associated microbiome is influenced by extrinsic and intrinsic long-term processes, such as climate change and host demography. To this end, we need to study microbiome changes through time, over known historical events that have affected the host. Dental calculus, the calcified form of the microbial biofilm that forms on vertebrate teeth, is one of few microbial substrates that preserves virtually unchanged through time. Metagenomics sequencing of ancient dental calculus has provided valuable insights in humans, but few studies have attempted to characterise the dental calculus microbiome of non-human animals. We establish dental calculus as a valuable research tool for the study of host-associated microbiome evolution. We recover a recognisable oral microbiome signature from species as diverse as gorillas, bears and reindeer, and identify a subset of microorganisms that may be unique to each host species. We detect oral pathogens in specimens with evidence of oral disease, identify microbial metabolic pathways, characterise antibiotic resistance genes and recover host DNA using metagenomic analyses of dental calculus. In addition, we identify important strategies and current limitations for working with historical metagenomics data from non-human mammals. With this new tool in hand, we can now study changes in microbiome composition and function as result of extrinsic and intrinsic processes in host history over millennia.
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影响因子：
3.3
作者：
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