The diversity and distribution of fungi on residential surfaces.
The diversity and distribution of fungi on residential surfaces.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0078866
复制
发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Bruns TD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Adams RI;Miletto M;Taylor JW;Bruns TD
关于室内环境中的微生物组合物的组成的主要假设是，真菌组合物的结构由室外空气与适度的贡献，由表面生长，而室内细菌组合物代表的混合物的细菌进入室外空气，脱落的建筑居民，并生长在表面上。为了测试这一假设的真菌方面，我们从三种可能支持生长的表面类型中采集了真菌样本，因此可能是真菌对室内空气的贡献者：厨房和浴室的排水沟，易冷凝窗户下的窗台，以及人类居民的皮肤。在没有报告霉菌问题的大学住宅区的重复单元中进行采样，并使用QIIME和新的UPARSE方法对OTU分仓进行序列分析，得到相同的结果。表面表现出类似的真菌配置文件，从同一地点的室外空气，和组合表面类型聚类。室内空气中典型的“杂草”属，如枝孢属和隐球菌属，在窗台上大量存在，还有一组可能起源于室外的各种真菌。排水沟支持更多的depaerate组合比其他表面，并包含耐热的属，如外瓶霉属，念珠菌属，镰刀菌属。最令人惊讶的是在居民额头上检测到的成分。除了窝藏马拉色菌（一种已知的人类真菌）外，皮肤还具有令人惊讶的丰富的非常驻真菌，包括植物病原体如麦角菌（麦角菌）。总体而言，室内表面的真菌丰富度很高，但基于已知的自体学，这些真菌中的大多数不太可能在表面上生长。我们的结论是，虽然一些内源性真菌生长在典型的家庭表面上确实发生，特别是在排水管和皮肤上，但所有住宅表面似乎-在不同程度上-是假定的室外起源的空气传播真菌的被动收集器，室内微生物组的起源与细菌完全不同。
The predominant hypothesis regarding the composition of microbial assemblages in indoor environments is that fungal assemblages are structured by outdoor air with a moderate contribution by surface growth, whereas indoor bacterial assemblages represent a mixture of bacteria entered from outdoor air, shed by building inhabitants, and grown on surfaces. To test the fungal aspect of this hypothesis, we sampled fungi from three surface types likely to support growth and therefore possible contributors of fungi to indoor air: drains in kitchens and bathrooms, sills beneath condensation-prone windows, and skin of human inhabitants. Sampling was done in replicated units of a university-housing complex without reported mold problems, and sequences were analyzed using both QIIME and the new UPARSE approach to OTU-binning, to the same result. Surfaces demonstrated a mycological profile similar to that of outdoor air from the same locality, and assemblages clustered by surface type. “Weedy” genera typical of indoor air, such as Cladosporium and Cryptococcus, were abundant on sills, as were a diverse set of fungi of likely outdoor origin. Drains supported more depauperate assemblages than the other surfaces and contained thermotolerant genera such as Exophiala, Candida, and Fusarium. Most surprising was the composition detected on residents’ foreheads. In addition to harboring Malassezia, a known human commensal, skin also possessed a surprising richness of non-resident fungi, including plant pathogens such as ergot (Claviceps purperea). Overall, fungal richness across indoor surfaces was high, but based on known autecologies, most of these fungi were unlikely to be growing on surfaces. We conclude that while some endogenous fungal growth on typical household surfaces does occur, particularly on drains and skin, all residential surfaces appear – to varying degrees – to be passive collectors of airborne fungi of putative outdoor origin, a view of the origins of the indoor microbiome quite different from bacteria.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Hewitt KM;Gerba CP;Maxwell SL;Kelley ST
通讯作者：
Kelley ST
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0807920105
发表时间：
2008-11-18
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Fierer, Noah;Hamady, Micah;Knight, Rob
通讯作者：
Knight, Rob
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Akbari, Hashem;Menon, Surabi;Rosenfeld, Arthur
通讯作者：
Rosenfeld, Arthur
影响因子：
5.1
作者：
Flores, Gilberto E.;Bates, Scott T.;Fierer, Noah
通讯作者：
Fierer, Noah
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
通讯作者：
--