Psychopathy is associated with fear-specific reductions in neural activity during affective perspective-taking.
Psychopathy is associated with fear-specific reductions in neural activity during affective perspective-taking.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117342
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发表时间：
2020-12
期刊：
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Kosson, David S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Deming, Philip;Dargis, Monika;Haas, Brian W.;Brook, Michael;Decety, Jean;Harenski, Carla;Kiehl, Kent A.;Koenigs, Michael;Kosson, David S.
精神病患者因其对他人情感的冷漠而臭名昭著。先前的研究已经将精神病与同情心背后的情感机制缺陷联系起来（例如，情感分享），然而，将精神病与移情作用下的认知机制相关的研究（例如，情感观点采择和心理理论）需要进一步澄清。为了阐明精神病患者共情认知机制的神经生物学，我们进行了一项功能磁共振成像任务，并测试了情感观点采择中的整体和情感特异性缺陷。成年男性被监禁的罪犯（N = 94）观看了两个人互动的图像，其中一个人的脸被一个形状所掩盖。参与者被提示要么识别被遮蔽的个体的情感，要么从每次试验中呈现的两种情感或形状选择中的一种中识别形状。目标情绪包括愤怒、恐惧、快乐、悲伤和中性。与预测相反，精神病与情感观点采择>形状对比中的神经活动无关。与预测一致，在恐惧、快乐和悲伤的情感视角转换过程中，精神病与任务准确性呈负相关。精神病与血流动力学活动减少有关，仅在恐惧观点采择过程中的几个区域：左前额叶延伸到后眶额皮质、右楔前叶、左上级顶叶小叶和左上级枕叶皮质。虽然许多先前的研究都强调了精神病相关的情感机制介导的共情异常，目前的结果增加了越来越多的证据表明，精神病相关的异常，在与共情有关的认知机制。这些发现强调了精神病患者在明确处理他人恐惧时大脑区域的低活性。
Psychopathic individuals are notorious for their callous disregard for others’ emotions. Prior research has linked psychopathy to deficits in affective mechanisms underlying empathy (e.g., affective sharing), yet research relating psychopathy to cognitive mechanisms underlying empathy (e.g., affective perspective-taking and Theory of Mind) requires further clarification. To elucidate the neurobiology of cognitive mechanisms of empathy in psychopathy, we administered an fMRI task and tested for global as well as emotion-specific deficits in affective perspective-taking. Adult male incarcerated offenders (N = 94) viewed images of two people interacting, with one individual’s face obscured by a shape. Participants were cued to either identify the emotion of the obscured individual or identify the shape from one of two emotion or shape choices presented on each trial. Target emotions included anger, fear, happiness, sadness, and neutral. Contrary to predictions, psychopathy was unrelated to neural activity in the Affective Perspective-taking > Shape contrast. In line with predictions, psychopathy was negatively related to task accuracy during affective perspective-taking for fear, happiness, and sadness. Psychopathy was related to reduced hemodynamic activity exclusively during fear perspective-taking in several areas: left anterior insula extending into posterior orbitofrontal cortex, right precuneus, left superior parietal lobule, and left superior occipital cortex. Although much prior research has emphasized psychopathy-related abnormalities in affective mechanisms mediating empathy, current results add to growing evidence of psychopathy-related abnormalities in a cognitive mechanism related to empathy. These findings highlight brain regions that are hypoactive in psychopathy when explicitly processing another’s fear.
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影响因子：
25.8
作者：
Decety, Jean;Skelly, Laurie R.;Kiehl, Kent A.
通讯作者：
Kiehl, Kent A.
影响因子：
2
作者：
Decety J;Skelly L;Yoder KJ;Kiehl KA
通讯作者：
Kiehl KA
影响因子：
5.6
作者：
Anastassiou-Hadjicharalambous, Xenia;Warden, David
通讯作者：
Warden, David
影响因子：
6.7
作者：
Blair, R. J. R.
通讯作者：
Blair, R. J. R.
DOI：
10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.04.005
发表时间：
2017-11-01
影响因子：
5.9
作者：
Brazil, Inti A.;Mathys, Christoph D.;Cohn, Moran D.
通讯作者：
Cohn, Moran D.