Heat stress responses vary during floret development in European spring barley cultivars.
Heat stress responses vary during floret development in European spring barley cultivars.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2022.918730
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
禾本科（Poaceae）或禾本科（grasses）包括许多农业上重要的谷类作物，例如稻（Oryza sativa）、玉米（Zea mays）、大麦（Hordeum vulgare）和面包小麦（Triticum aestivum）。大麦是一种广泛种植的谷类作物，用于饲料、制麦芽和酿酒。非生物胁迫，特别是全球变暖，通过影响生育力和结实，是作物产量损失的主要原因。然而，热胁迫对大麦生殖结构和育性的影响还没有得到广泛的研究。在这项研究中，我们研究了三个商业欧洲春大麦品种在高温条件下，调查小花发育的影响。使用生育力测定，X射线微计算机断层扫描，三维建模，细胞学和免疫标记的组合，我们观察到，男性生殖器官受到温度升高的严重影响，而女性生殖器官不太敏感。重要的是，胁迫相对于生殖发育的时间以品种依赖的方式对育性产生显著影响，这在花粉有丝分裂阶段最为显著，育性范围为31.6-56.0%，取决于品种。这项工作提供了深入了解如何热应力时，施加在雄性花粉母细胞减数分裂和花粉有丝分裂，影响大麦育性和结实，还描述了互补的侵入性和非侵入性技术，调查小花发育。这些信息将被用来识别和研究大麦品种，是不太容易受到热应力在特定阶段的花发育。
The Poaceae, or grasses, include many agriculturally important cereal crops such as rice (Oryza sativa), maize (Zea mays), barley (Hordeum vulgare) and bread wheat (Triticum aestivum). Barley is a widely grown cereal crop used for stock feed, malting and brewing. Abiotic stresses, particularly global warming, are the major causes of crop yield losses by affecting fertility and seed set. However, effects of heat stress on reproductive structures and fertility in barley have not been extensively investigated. In this study we examined three commercial European spring barley varieties under high temperature conditions to investigate the effects on floret development. Using a combination of fertility assays, X-ray micro computed tomography, 3-dimensional modelling, cytology and immunolabelling, we observed that male reproductive organs are severely impacted by increased temperature, while the female reproductive organs are less susceptible. Importantly, the timing of stress relative to reproductive development had a significant impact on fertility in a cultivar-dependent manner, this was most significant at pollen mitosis stage with fertility ranged from 31.6-56.0% depending on cultivar. This work provides insight into how heat stress, when applied during male pollen mother cell meiosis and pollen mitosis, affects barley fertility and seed set, and also describes complementary invasive and non-invasive techniques to investigate floret development. This information will be used to identify and study barley cultivars that are less susceptible to heat stress at specific stages of floral development.
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