Regional and elevational patterns of extreme heat stress change in the US

Regional and elevational patterns of extreme heat stress change in the US
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美国极端热应激变化的区域和海拔模式

DOI:
10.1088/1748-9326/ac7343
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
6.7
通讯作者:
Wootten, Adrienne
Wootten, Adrienne
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Raymond, Colin;Waliser, Duane;Guan, Bin;Lee, Huikyo;Loikith, Paul;Massoud, Elias;Sengupta, Agniv;Singh, Deepti;Wootten, Adrienne

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极端高温日益严重是气候变化的一个标志。它的影响取决于温度,也取决于湿度和太阳辐射,每一个都有不同的空间模式和垂直剖面。在这里,我们考虑这些变量对极端热应激的综合影响,通过环境应激指数测量,使用一套历史(1980-2005)和未来(2074-2099)的高分辨率气候模拟,代表性浓度路径8.5 (RCP8)。5)时期。我们发现,观测到的极端热应力随着沿海地区以上海拔的升高几乎呈线性下降,在更潮湿的地区,其下降速度更大。未来的预估表明,在RCP8下,历史上最高1%的夏季热应力值可能在未来约25%-50%的夏季日数中出现。5的场景。在高纬度地区和温度上升幅度较大的地区,热应力的增加往往更大,尽管在美国南部和东部,水分的增加几乎同样重要。在这一主导模式的基础上,我们发现,在海洋海岸线附近,特别是太平洋沿岸,热应力增加的次要影响较小,而在山区,特别是内华达山脉和阿巴拉契亚山脉南部,热应力增加的次要影响较大。这种差异的变暖可归因于陆地相对于海洋的较大变暖,以及高海拔地区的较大温度升高超过低海拔地区较大的水汽增加。总之,我们的研究结果有助于进一步了解影响未来极端热应激的驱动因素和特征,这些因素和特征在全球评估中难以捕捉。
Increasing severity of extreme heat is a hallmark of climate change. Its impacts depend on temperature but also on moisture and solar radiation, each with distinct spatial patterns and vertical profiles. Here, we consider these variables' combined effect on extreme heat stress, as measured by the environmental stress index, using a suite of high-resolution climate simulations for historical (1980–2005) and future (2074–2099, Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8. 5)) periods. We find that observed extreme heat stress drops off nearly linearly with elevation above a coastal zone, at a rate that is larger in more humid regions. Future projections indicate dramatic relative increases whereby the historical top 1% summer heat stress value may occur on about 25%–50% of future summer days under the RCP8. 5 scenario. Heat stress increases tend to be larger at higher latitudes and in areas of greater temperature increase, although in the southern and eastern US moisture increases are nearly as important. Imprinted on top of this dominant pattern we find secondary effects of smaller heat stress increases near ocean coastlines, notably along the Pacific coast, and larger increases in mountains, notably the Sierra Nevada and southern Appalachians. This differential warming is attributable to the greater warming of land relative to ocean, and to larger temperature increases at higher elevations outweighing larger water-vapor increases at lower elevations. All together, our results aid in furthering knowledge about drivers and characteristics that shape future extreme heat stress at scales difficult to capture in global assessments.
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影响因子: 30.7
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发表时间: 2018-07-01
期刊: GEOHEALTH
影响因子: 4.8
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发表时间: 2017
期刊: Climate Dynamics
影响因子: 4.6
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DOI: --
发表时间: 2017
期刊:
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期刊: Earth's Future
影响因子: --
作者:
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