Sensitivity, Specificity and Accuracy of a Novel EEG-Based Objective Test, the Cognalyzer(®), in Detecting Cannabis Psychoactive Effects.
Sensitivity, Specificity and Accuracy of a Novel EEG-Based Objective Test, the Cognalyzer(®), in Detecting Cannabis Psychoactive Effects.
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DOI：
10.1007/s12325-021-01718-6
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发表时间：
2021-05
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Bosnyak D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McDonald AC;Gasperin Haaz I;Qi W;Crowley DC;Guthrie N;Evans M;Bosnyak D
目前识别近期使用大麻的标准是基于体液测试。 Cognalyzer® 是一种新型脑电图 (EEG) 测量设备和算法，旨在客观地表征与大麻相关的脑电波变化。本研究的目的是评估 Cognalyzer® 表征大麻吸入后脑电波变化的准确性、敏感性和特异性水平。招募了 75 名年龄在 19 至 55 岁之间的参与者，并在吸入大麻前收集了口腔液样本。在随意吸入大麻之前和之后进行脑电图和主观药物影响问卷（DEQ）。吸入后 50 名参与者留在诊所 4 小时。 Zentrela Inc. 使用 Cognalyzer® 算法的两个版本（V1 和 V2）对 EEG 文件进行盲法分析。 Cognalyzer® 表征吸入前与吸入后的比较状态，并总结为：敏感性、特异性、准确性、假阳性百分比、假阴性百分比以及阳性和阴性预测值。使用麦克尼马尔检验对原假设进行了检验。将吸入前和吸入后的 Cognalyzer® 结果与口腔液四氢大麻酚 (THC) 浓度相结合，以评估改进当前药物测试的潜力。 Cognalyzer® 算法的两个版本具有相似的诊断结果。当脑电图记录缺失或电极放置错误的参与者被移除时，诊断结果得到改善。算法 V1 和 V2 的 Cognalyzer® 准确度分别为 85.5% 和 83.9%，敏感性为 87.1% 和 88.7%，特异性为 83.9% 和 79.0%。将 Cognalyzer® 结果与口腔液浓度相结合，可使口腔液检测假阳性结果降低高达 49%。相对于吸入前与吸入后状态的比较标准，Cognalyzer® 对具有不同大麻吸入史的参与者群体中与大麻吸入相关的脑电波变化进行了高度准确的描述。 Cognalyzer® 可以将结果推广到更多人群，解决当前公认标准的限制。
Current standards for identifying recent cannabis use are based on body fluid testing. The Cognalyzer® is a novel electroencephalography (EEG) measurement device and algorithm designed to objectively characterize brainwave alterations associated with cannabis. The objective of this study was to assess the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity levels of the Cognalyzer® to characterize brainwave alterations following cannabis inhalation. Seventy-five participants, aged 19–55 years, were enrolled, and oral fluid samples were collected pre-cannabis inhalation. EEG and subjective drug effects questionnaire (DEQ) were administered pre- and post-ad libitum cannabis inhalation. Fifty participants remained in the clinic for 4 h post-inhalation. Blinded analyses of the EEG files were conducted by Zentrela Inc. using two versions (V1 and V2) of the Cognalyzer® algorithm. Pre- vs. post-inhalation comparison status was characterized by the Cognalyzer® and summarized for: sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, percent false positive, percent false negative and positive and negative predictive value. The null hypothesis was tested using McNemar’s test. Cognalyzer® results pre- and post-inhalation were combined with the oral fluid tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentration to evaluate potential to improve current drug testing. The two versions of the Cognalyzer® algorithm had similar diagnostic results. Diagnostic outcomes were improved when participants with missing EEG recordings or electrode placement errors were removed. The Cognalyzer® accuracy was 85.5% and 83.9%, sensitivity was 87.1% and 88.7%, and specificity was 83.9% and 79.0% for algorithm V1 and V2, respectively. Combining Cognalyzer® results with oral fluid concentrations reduced false-positive oral fluid test results by up to 49%. The Cognalyzer® characterized brainwave alterations associated with cannabis inhalation with high levels of accuracy in a population of participants with varied cannabis inhalation histories, relative to the comparison standard of pre- vs. post-inhalation status. The Cognalyzer® allows the results to be generalized to the larger population addressing a limitation in currently accepted standards.
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