Temporal discounting when outcomes are experienced in the moment: Validation of a novel paradigm and comparison with a classic hypothetical intertemporal choice task.
Temporal discounting when outcomes are experienced in the moment: Validation of a novel paradigm and comparison with a classic hypothetical intertemporal choice task.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0251480
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Verfaellie M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Patt VM;Hunsberger R;Jones DA;Keane MM;Verfaellie M
当面临跨期选择时，人们通常会贬低未来可用的奖励，而不是更直接可用的奖励，这种现象被称为时间折扣。涉及跨期选择的决策每天都会出现，对健康和财务状况产生重大影响。虽然许多这样的决定是“经验性的”，因为它们涉及实时体验的延迟和奖励，并可以为随后的选择提供信息，但大多数研究都集中在具有假设结果（或在所有决定做出后交付的结果）的跨期选择上。本研究主要关注经验性跨期选择。首先，一个新的跨时选择任务的开发和验证，使用延迟经历的真实的时间和艺术的照片作为消费知觉奖励。第二，经验任务的性能进行了比较，一个经典的跨期选择任务的假设结果。不同的过程，跨任务的参与探讨了检查状态和特质焦虑的差异关系。提出了一种双参数Logistic函数框架来拟合无差异点数据。这种方法不仅考虑了个体从选择延迟选项切换到更直接选项的延迟，而且还考虑了该切换的斜率。拟合结果表明，体验任务引起时间折扣，延迟和知觉奖励之间的有效权衡。与假设的跨期选择任务的比较表明不同的机制：第一，时间折扣在两个任务是不相关的;第二，状态和特质焦虑都与选择行为的经验任务，虽然在不同的方式，而没有显着相关的选择行为在假设的任务。参与不同的过程中的经验相比，假设的任务可能与神经证据的招聘海马在动物，但不是在经典的人类跨时选择研究。
When faced with intertemporal choices, people typically devalue rewards available in the future compared to rewards more immediately available, a phenomenon known as temporal discounting. Decisions involving intertemporal choices arise daily, with critical impact on health and financial wellbeing. Although many such decisions are “experiential” in that they involve delays and rewards that are experienced in real-time and can inform subsequent choices, most studies have focused on intertemporal choices with hypothetical outcomes (or outcomes delivered after all decisions are made). The present study focused on experiential intertemporal choices. First, a novel intertemporal choice task was developed and validated, using delays experienced in real time and artistic photographs as consumable perceptual rewards. Second, performance on the experiential task was compared to performance on a classic intertemporal choice task with hypothetical outcomes. Involvement of distinct processes across tasks was probed by examining differential relations to state and trait anxiety. A two-parameter logistic function framework was proposed to fit indifference point data. This approach accounts for individual variability not only in the delay at which an individual switches from choosing the delayed to more immediate option, but also in the slope of that switch. Fit results indicated that the experiential task elicited temporal discounting, with effective trade-off between delay and perceptual reward. Comparison with the hypothetical intertemporal choice task suggested distinct mechanisms: first, temporal discounting across the two tasks was not correlated; and second, state and trait anxiety both were associated with choice behavior in the experiential task, albeit in distinct ways, whereas neither was significantly associated with choice behavior in the hypothetical task. The engagement of different processes in the experiential compared to hypothetical task may align with neural evidence for the recruitment of the hippocampus in animal but not in classic human intertemporal choice studies.
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