Combined use of the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium brunneum, and the mosquito predator, Toxorhynchites brevipalpis, for control of mosquito larvae: Is this a risky biocontrol strategy?
Combined use of the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium brunneum, and the mosquito predator, Toxorhynchites brevipalpis, for control of mosquito larvae: Is this a risky biocontrol strategy?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jip.2018.02.003
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发表时间：
2018-03
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Butt TM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alkhaibari AM;Maffeis T;Bull JC;Butt TM
棕绿僵菌对埃及伊蚊幼虫具有高致病性。绿僵菌芽生孢子比分生孢子毒性更强。蚊子捕食者 Toxorhynchites brevipalpis 比伊蚊对绿僵菌的耐受性更强。 Metarhizium 和 Toxorhynchites 组合可以很好地控制伊蚊幼虫。当使用低浓度接种物时，绿僵菌对捕食者的风险会降低。蚊子传播多种具有全球意义的疾病（疟疾、登革热、黄热病、寨卡）。由于气候变化、旅游业和贸易，蚊子的地理范围正在扩大。昆虫病原真菌绿僵菌 ARSEF 4556 的分生孢子和芽生孢子制剂均作为蚊子杀幼剂进行研究。然而，人们担心可能对节肢动物蚊子捕食者产生非目标影响，例如以蚊媒物种幼虫为食的短须弓形虫幼虫。基于实验室的小型容器生物测定表明，T. bevipalpis 幼虫对相对高浓度（即≥107sporesml−1）的接种物敏感，其中芽生孢子的毒性明显高于分生孢子。在较低浓度（例如<107sporesml−1）下，M. brunneum 似乎与 T. brevipalpis 互补，从而比单独使用任一药剂时具有更高的控制效果。在浓度为 105sporesml−1 时，单独分生孢子和芽生孢子的 LT50 分别为 5.64 天（95% CI：4.79–6.49 天）和 3.89 天（95% CI：3.53–4.25 天）。与短须毛蝽结合使用时，时间缩短至 3.15 天（95% CI：2.82-3.48 天）和 2.82 天（95% CI：2.55-3.08 天）。在这里，真菌和捕食者的联合治疗是有益的，但弱于添加剂。在 107 和 108blastosporesml−1 时，当捕食者与芽孢子结合时，蚊子幼虫的死亡率主要是由于真菌病原体所致。然而，对于分生孢子，联合处理的效果在这些高浓度下是相加/协同的。真菌浓度和配方的优化将降低：(1) 捕食者的风险和 (2) 控制蚊子幼虫的 M. brunneum 的施用率和成本。
Metarhizium brunneum is highly pathogenic to Aedes aegypti larvae. Metarhizium blastospores more virulent than conidia. Mosquito predator, Toxorhynchites brevipalpis, is more tolerant than Aedes to Metarhizium. Metarhizium and Toxorhynchites combination gives excellent control of Aedes larvae. Metarhizium risk to predator is reduced when inoculum is used at low concentrations. Mosquitoes transmit several diseases, which are of global significance (malaria, dengue, yellow fever, Zika). The geographic range of mosquitoes is increasing due to climate change, tourism and trade. Both conidial and blastospore formulations of the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium brunneum ARSEF 4556, are being investigated as mosquito larvicides. However, concerns have been raised over possible non-target impacts to arthropod mosquito predators such as larvae of Toxorhynchites brevipalpis which feed on larvae of mosquito vector species. Laboratory-based, small container bioassays showed, that T. bevipalpis larvae are susceptible to relatively high concentrations (i.e. ≥107 spores ml−1) of inoculum with blastospores being significantly more virulent than conidia. At lower concentrations (e.g. <107 spores ml−1), it appears that M. brunneum complements T. brevipalpis resulting in higher control than if either agent was used alone. At a concentration of 105 spores ml−1, the LT50 of for conidia and blastospores alone was 5.64 days (95% CI: 4.79–6.49 days) and 3.89 days (95% CI: 3.53–4.25 days), respectively. In combination with T. brevipalpis, this was reduced to 3.15 days (95% CI: 2.82–3.48 days) and 2.82 days (95% CI: 2.55–3.08 days). Here, combined treatment with the fungus and predator was beneficial but weaker than additive. At 107 and 108 blastospores ml−1, mosquito larval mortality was mostly due to the fungal pathogen when the predator was combined with blastospores. However, with conidia, the effects of combined treatment were additive/synergistic at these high concentrations. Optimisation of fungal concentration and formulation will reduce: (1) risk to the predator and (2) application rates and costs of M. brunneum for control of mosquito larvae.
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影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Greenfield BP;Lord AM;Dudley E;Butt TM
通讯作者：
Butt TM
影响因子：
6.7
作者：
Alkhaibari AM;Carolino AT;Yavasoglu SI;Maffeis T;Mattoso TC;Bull JC;Samuels RI;Butt TM
通讯作者：
Butt TM
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Juliano, SA;O'Meara, GF;Cutwa, MM
通讯作者：
Cutwa, MM
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Gehman, Alyssa-Lois M.;Byers, James E.
通讯作者：
Byers, James E.
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Meyling, NV;Pell, JK
通讯作者：
Pell, JK