Online and offline contributions to motor learning change with practice, but are similar across development
Online and offline contributions to motor learning change with practice, but are similar across development
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线上和线下对运动学习的贡献随着实践的变化而变化，但在整个发展过程中是相似的
DOI：
10.1007/s00221-019-05639-3
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Lee, Mei-Hua
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lee, Mei-Hua
与成年人相比，儿童在各种不同的任务中表现出运动学习缺陷。提出了一种形成这些差异的机制，即在线和离线部分对整体学习的贡献；然而，这些任务几乎完全集中在以离线阶段成绩提高为特征的序列学习范式上。在这里，我们考察了在线和离线学习在一个新的运动任务中的作用，该任务的特征是在离线阶段热身减少，即性能损失。特别是，使用相对较长的练习时间，我们检查了儿童和成人之间的差异是否在相对较长的练习时间内持续存在，以及在线和线下学习的贡献是否受到年龄和练习本身的影响。两组8-10岁和11-13岁的儿童和一组年轻人(N= 30，n= 10/组)学习了一项新的任务，需要控制上半身的运动来控制屏幕上的光标。参与者在5天的时间里学习了这项任务，我们测量了移动时间作为主要的任务绩效变量。与之前的结果一致，我们发现8-10岁的孩子比11-13岁的孩子和成年人有更长的运动时间。我们还发现，随着练习的进行，线上和线下学习发生了明显的变化；随着练习的进行，在线学习的数量减少了，而线下学习在实践中相对稳定。然而，无论是线上还是线下学习，年龄组都没有明显的影响。这些结果表明，即使在长期练习后，8-10岁儿童在学习方面的年龄相关差异仍然存在，但不一定是线上和线下学习的差异。
Children show motor learning deficits relative to adults across a diverse range of tasks. One mechanism that has been proposed to underlie these differences is the contribution of online and offline components to overall learning; however, these tasks have almost focused exclusively on sequence learning paradigms which are characterized by performance gains in the offline phase. Here, we examined the role of online and offline learning in a novel motor task which was characterized by warm-up decrement, i.e., a performance loss, during the offline phase. In particular, using a relatively extended practice period, we examined if differences between children and adults persist across relatively long practice periods, and if the contribution of online and offline learning is affected by age and by practice itself. Two groups of children, 8–10 years and 11–13 years old, and one group of young adults (N= 30,n= 10/group) learned a novel task that required control of upper body movements to control a cursor on a screen. Participants learned the task over 5 days and we measured movement time as the primary task performance variable. Consistent with prior results, we found that 8–10 year olds had longer movement times compared to both 11–13 year olds and adults. We also found distinct changes in online and offline learning with practice; the amount of online learning decreased with practice, whereas offline learning was relatively stable across practice. However, there was no detectable effect of age group on either online or offline learning. These results suggest that age-related differences in learning among children 8–10 years old are persistent even after extended practice but are not necessarily accounted for by differences in online and offline learning.
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影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Du Y;Prashad S;Schoenbrun I;Clark JE
通讯作者：
Clark JE
影响因子：
22.4
作者：
ADAMS, JA
通讯作者：
ADAMS, JA
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Ajemian, Robert;D'Ausilio, Alessandro;Bizzi, Emilio
通讯作者：
Bizzi, Emilio
运动技能的获得：儿童和成人之间的信息处理差异。
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Jerry R. Thomas
通讯作者：
Jerry R. Thomas
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Du Y;Valentini NC;Kim MJ;Whitall J;Clark JE
通讯作者：
Clark JE