Optogenetic dissection of amygdala functioning.
Optogenetic dissection of amygdala functioning.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00107
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Lalumiere RT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lalumiere RT
对杏仁核功能的研究在理解大脑如何控制行为和认知的历史上占据了重要的地位。杏仁核的早期研究将这个小结构作为调节情绪和情感行为的关键组成部分。随着时间的推移，我们对杏仁核在大脑过程中的作用的理解已经扩大，因为我们已经发现杏仁核对记忆，奖励行为和许多其他大脑区域的整体功能的影响。研究表明，杏仁核与各种大脑结构有着广泛的联系，从前额皮质到脑干区域，这解释了它对大脑其他部分的强大影响以及这些区域介导的行为。因此，许多光遗传学研究都集中在利用这项技术的力量来阐明杏仁核与动机，恐惧和记忆有关的功能，以及确定杏仁核如何调节其他结构的活动。例如，使用光遗传学的研究已经研究了杏仁核内的特定回路如何调节焦虑。其他的研究也提供了关于杏仁核基底外侧核和中央核如何调节厌恶性学习下的记忆处理的见解。许多实验都利用了光遗传学的能力，以遗传上不同的神经元亚群或从杏仁核到其他大脑区域的特定投射为目标。这些研究的结果提供了证据，表明基底外侧杏仁核（BLA）的杏仁核能神经元的特定活动模式与记忆巩固过程有关，而其他工作表明杏仁核对前额叶皮层和丘脑核（NA）的输入在调节依赖于这些下游结构的行为中具有关键性。这篇综述将研究最近的发现杏仁核功能通过实验使用光遗传学，把这些发现的背景下，在该领域的主要问题。
Studies of amygdala functioning have occupied a significant place in the history of understanding how the brain controls behavior and cognition. Early work on the amygdala placed this small structure as a key component in the regulation of emotion and affective behavior. Over time, our understanding of its role in brain processes has expanded, as we have uncovered amygdala influences on memory, reward behavior, and overall functioning in many other brain regions. Studies have indicated that the amygdala has widespread connections with a variety of brain structures, from the prefrontal cortex to regions of the brainstem, that explain its powerful influence on other parts of the brain and behaviors mediated by those regions. Thus, many optogenetic studies have focused on harnessing the powers of this technique to elucidate the functioning of the amygdala in relation to motivation, fear, and memory as well as to determine how the amygdala regulates activity in other structures. For example, studies using optogenetics have examined how specific circuits within amygdala nuclei regulate anxiety. Other work has provided insight into how the basolateral and central amygdala nuclei regulate memory processing underlying aversive learning. Many experiments have taken advantage of optogenetics’ ability to target either genetically distinct subpopulations of neurons or the specific projections from the amygdala to other brain regions. Findings from such studies have provided evidence that particular patterns of activity in basolateral amygdala (BLA) glutamatergic neurons are related to memory consolidation processes, while other work has indicated the critical nature of amygdala inputs to the prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens (NA) in regulating behavior dependent on those downstream structures. This review will examine the recent discoveries on amygdala functioning made through experiments using optogenetics, placing these findings in the context of the major questions in the field.
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影响因子：
7.7
作者：
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通讯作者：
LaLumiere, Ryan T.
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