The role of metacognition in human social interactions.

The role of metacognition in human social interactions.
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DOI:
10.1098/rstb.2012.0123
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发表时间:
2012-08-05
期刊:
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Frith CD
Frith CD
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Frith CD

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元认知关注的是我们监测和控制自己认知过程的过程。它也可以应用于其他人,在这种情况下,它被称为心理化。这两种元认知都有内隐和外显两种形式,其中内隐是指自动的、无意识的。内隐元认知使我们能够采用“我们”模式,通过这种模式,我们会自动考虑他人的知识和意图。采用这一模式可加强联合行动。外显元认知使我们能够反思并证明我们对他人的行为。然而,对自我和他人来说,对潜在过程的访问是非常有限的,我们对自己和他人意图的报告可能非常不准确。另一方面,最近的实验表明,通过与他人讨论我们的感知经验,即使在没有客观反馈的情况下,我们也可以更准确地检测到感官信号。通过我们愿意与他人讨论我们的行为和感知的原因,我们克服了缺乏直接接触潜在认知过程的问题。这为我们创造了更准确地了解世界和我们自己的潜力。因此,我认为,外显元认知是一种独特的人类能力,它是通过增强协作决策而进化出来的。
Metacognition concerns the processes by which we monitor and control our own cognitive processes. It can also be applied to others, in which case it is known as mentalizing. Both kinds of metacognition have implicit and explicit forms, where implicit means automatic and without awareness. Implicit metacognition enables us to adopt a we-mode, through which we automatically take account of the knowledge and intentions of others. Adoption of this mode enhances joint action. Explicit metacognition enables us to reflect on and justify our behaviour to others. However, access to the underlying processes is very limited for both self and others and our reports on our own and others' intentions can be very inaccurate. On the other hand, recent experiments have shown that, through discussions of our perceptual experiences with others, we can detect sensory signals more accurately, even in the absence of objective feedback. Through our willingness to discuss with others the reasons for our actions and perceptions, we overcome our lack of direct access to the underlying cognitive processes. This creates the potential for us to build more accurate accounts of the world and of ourselves. I suggest, therefore, that explicit metacognition is a uniquely human ability that has evolved through its enhancement of collaborative decision-making.
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