Lockdown measures in response to COVID-19 in nine sub-Saharan African countries.
Lockdown measures in response to COVID-19 in nine sub-Saharan African countries.
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DOI：
10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003319
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发表时间：
2020-10
影响因子：
8.1
通讯作者：
McCoy D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Haider N;Osman AY;Gadzekpo A;Akipede GO;Asogun D;Ansumana R;Lessells RJ;Khan P;Hamid MMA;Yeboah-Manu D;Mboera L;Shayo EH;Mmbaga BT;Urassa M;Musoke D;Kapata N;Ferrand RA;Kapata PC;Stigler F;Czypionka T;Zumla A;Kock R;McCoy D
全球各地已采取封锁措施以遏制COVID-19的传播。然而，“锁定”一词并没有很好的定义。事实上，世卫组织提到的“所谓的封锁措施”表明，“封锁”一词缺乏明确和普遍接受的定义。我们建议以二乘二矩阵为基础，将不同的传染病措施分类，包括强制性或自愿性;以及是否针对可识别的个人或设施，或是否不加区别地适用于一般人群或地区。使用这一定义，我们描述了在撒哈拉以南非洲的九个国家的封锁措施的设计，时间和实施：加纳，尼日利亚，南非，塞拉利昂，苏丹，坦桑尼亚，乌干达，赞比亚和津巴布韦。虽然这些国家在实施封锁方面有一些共同之处，但一个更值得注意的发现是封锁措施的设计、时间和实施方面存在差异。我们还发现，报告病例的数量在很大程度上取决于进行的检测数量，截至2020年9月7日，检测率从每百万人口2031人到63928人不等。报告的COVID-19每百万人口死亡人数亦各不相同（截至二零二零年九月七日为0. 4至250人），但与欧洲及北美国家相比普遍较低。虽然封锁措施可能有助于抑制社区传播，但疫情的模式和性质仍不清楚。然而，有迹象表明，封锁通过影响卫生系统的运作并造成社会和经济混乱而损害健康。
Lockdown measures have been introduced worldwide to contain the transmission of COVID-19. However, the term ‘lockdown’ is not well-defined. Indeed, WHO’s reference to ‘so-called lockdown measures’ indicates the absence of a clear and universally accepted definition of the term ‘lockdown’. We propose a definition of ‘lockdown’ based on a two-by-two matrix that categorises different communicable disease measures based on whether they are compulsory or voluntary; and whether they are targeted at identifiable individuals or facilities, or whether they are applied indiscriminately to a general population or area. Using this definition, we describe the design, timing and implementation of lockdown measures in nine countries in sub-Saharan Africa: Ghana, Nigeria, South Africa, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe. While there were some commonalities in the implementation of lockdown across these countries, a more notable finding was the variation in the design, timing and implementation of lockdown measures. We also found that the number of reported cases is heavily dependent on the number of tests carried out, and that testing rates ranged from 2031 to 63 928 per million population up until 7 September 2020. The reported number of COVID-19 deaths per million population also varies (0.4 to 250 up until 7 September 2020), but is generally low when compared with countries in Europe and North America. While lockdown measures may have helped inhibit community transmission, the pattern and nature of the epidemic remains unclear. However, there are signs of lockdown harming health by affecting the functioning of the health system and causing social and economic disruption.
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影响因子：
30.7
作者：
Le Quere, Corinne;Jackson, Robert B.;Peters, Glen P.
通讯作者：
Peters, Glen P.
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Haider, Najmul;Yavlinsky, Alexei;Kock, Richard
通讯作者：
Kock, Richard
影响因子：
25.7
作者：
Lau, Hien;Khosrawipour, Veria;Khosrawipour, Tanja
通讯作者：
Khosrawipour, Tanja
DOI：
10.1016/j.jmii.2020.03.026
发表时间：
2020-06-01
影响因子：
7.4
作者：
Lau, Hien;Khosrawipour, Veria;Khosrawipour, Tanja
通讯作者：
Khosrawipour, Tanja
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Lavezzo, Enrico;Franchin, Elisa;Crisanti, Andrea
通讯作者：
Crisanti, Andrea