The social learning of threat and safety in the family: Parent-to-child transmission of social fears via verbal information.
The social learning of threat and safety in the family: Parent-to-child transmission of social fears via verbal information.
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DOI：
10.1002/dev.22257
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发表时间：
2022-03
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Pérez-Edgar K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aktar E;Nimphy CA;van Bockstaele B;Pérez-Edgar K
父母的口头威胁（与安全）信息的社会世界可能会影响孩子的恐惧反应，明显的主观，行为，认知和生理指标的恐惧。在这项研究中，主要照顾者提供了标准化的口头威胁或安全信息，他们的孩子（N = 68，M = 5.27岁; 34名女孩）关于两个陌生人在实验室。在这种操作之后，孩子们报告了对每个陌生人的恐惧信念。生理和行为反应被记录为儿童从事与两个陌生人（谁是盲目的，他们的特点）在社会互动任务。在视觉搜索任务中测量儿童对陌生人的注意力。父母也报告了他们自己和孩子的社交焦虑症状。孩子们报告说，更多的恐惧与威胁信息配对的陌生人，但没有显着差异，发现在观察到的儿童恐惧，注意力，或心率。较高的社交焦虑症状的父母和孩子的一方加剧了父母的口头威胁观察到的恐惧的影响。我们的研究结果揭示了父母口头威胁信息仅对儿童报告的恐惧的因果影响，并强调需要进一步完善获得的恐惧信念持续存在的条件，并推广到行为/生理学或被非厌恶的真实的生活遭遇所推翻。
Parental verbal threat (vs. safety) information regarding the social world may impact a child's fear responses, evident in subjective, behavioral, cognitive, and physiological indices of fear. In this study, primary caregivers provided standardized verbal threat or safety information to their child (N = 68, M = 5.27 years; 34 girls) regarding two strangers in the lab. Following this manipulation, children reported fear beliefs for each stranger. Physiological and behavioral reactions were recorded as children engaged with the two strangers (who were blind to their characterization) in a social interaction task. Child attention to the strangers was measured in a visual search task. Parents also reported their own, and their child's, social anxiety symptoms. Children reported more fear for the stranger paired with threat information, but no significant differences were found in observed child fear, attention, or heart rate. Higher social anxiety symptoms on the side of the parents and the children exacerbated the effect of parental verbal threat on observed fear. Our findings reveal a causal influence of parental verbal threat information only for child‐reported fear and highlight the need to further refine the conditions under which acquired fear beliefs persist and generalize to behavior/physiology or get overruled by nonaversive real‐life encounters.
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影响因子：
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