Extinction in multiple virtual reality contexts diminishes fear reinstatement in humans.
Extinction in multiple virtual reality contexts diminishes fear reinstatement in humans.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.nlm.2014.02.010
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发表时间：
2014-09
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
LaBar KS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dunsmoor JE;Ahs F;Zielinski DJ;LaBar KS
尽管条件性恐惧可以通过未强化的威胁线索而有效消除，但当在消除后一段时间（自发恢复）、在新的环境中（更新）或在出现厌恶刺激（恢复）后遇到线索时，恐惧反应往往会回归。由于灭绝代表了一种依赖于环境的新学习形式，因此规避恐惧回归的一种可能策略是在多个环境中进行灭绝。在这里，我们在为期两天的恐惧调节实验中测试了多重情境消退的有效性，使用 3D 虚拟现实技术创建身临其境的、生态有效的情境变化。恐惧增强的惊吓作为依赖措施。所有三个实验组最初都是在单一环境中产生恐惧的。然后，多重消退组在三种环境中经历消退，第二组在习得环境中经历消退，第三组在单一不同环境中经历消退。所有小组在 24 小时后返回，测试在灭绝环境（自发恢复）和新环境（更新和恢复/测试）中恐惧的恢复情况。多种情况下的消退会减弱恐惧的恢复，但不会减少自发恢复。恐惧再现的结果是有倾向性的。我们的研究结果表明，多情境消退可以减少厌恶事件后的恐惧复发——这种事件通常会在现实世界中引起恐惧的回归——并为在各种环境中进行基于暴露的临床治疗提供经验支持。
Although conditioned fear can be effectively extinguished by unreinforced exposure to a threat cue, fear responses tend to return when the cue is encountered some time after extinction (spontaneous recovery), in a novel environment (renewal), or following presentation of an aversive stimulus (reinstatement). As extinction represents a context-dependent form of new learning, one possible strategy to circumvent the return of fear is to conduct extinction across several environments. Here, we tested the effectiveness of multiple context extinction in a two-day fear conditioning experiment using 3-D virtual reality technology to create immersive, ecologically-valid context changes. Fear-potentiated startle served as the dependent measure. All three experimental groups initially acquired fear in a single context. A multiple extinction group then underwent extinction in three contexts, while a second group underwent extinction in the acquisition context and a third group underwent extinction in a single different context. All groups returned 24 hours later to test for return of fear in the extinction context (spontaneous recovery) and a novel context (renewal and reinstatement/test). Extinction in multiple contexts attenuated reinstatement of fear but did not reduce spontaneous recovery. Results from fear renewal were tendential. Our findings suggest that multi-context extinction can reduce fear relapse following an aversive event – an event that often induces return of fear in real-world settings -- and provides empirical support for conducting exposure-based clinical treatments across a variety of environments.
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.2021-06.2006
发表时间：
2006-09-13
期刊：
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
影响因子：
--
作者：
Kalisch R;Korenfeld E;Stephan KE;Weiskopf N;Seymour B;Dolan RJ
通讯作者：
Dolan RJ
DOI：
10.1016/j.jbtep.2007.07.007
发表时间：
2008-09-01
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Parsons, Thomas D.;Rizzo, Albert A.
通讯作者：
Rizzo, Albert A.
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Laborda, Mario A.;Miller, Ralph R.
通讯作者：
Miller, Ralph R.
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Balooch, Siavash Bandarian;Neumann, David L.;Boschen, Mark J.
通讯作者：
Boschen, Mark J.
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Thomas, Brian L.;Vurbic, Drina;Novak, Cheryl
通讯作者：
Novak, Cheryl