Sex and ancestry determine the free-running circadian period.
Sex and ancestry determine the free-running circadian period.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/jsr.12521
复制
发表时间：
2017-10
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Crowley SJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eastman CI;Tomaka VA;Crowley SJ
内源性的、自由运行的昼夜节律周期（τ）决定了生物体在24小时内所呈现的相位关系。我们发现非洲裔美国人的昼夜节律周期比非西班牙裔欧洲裔美国人短（24.07小时vs 24.33小时）。我们推测，较短的昼夜节律周期（接近24小时）对生活在赤道附近的人类是有利的，但当人类从光周期随季节变化的非洲向北迁移时，自然选择倾向于具有较长昼夜节律周期的人。最近，从进化的角度来看，移民从欧洲和非洲来到美洲（“新世界”）。欧洲人的祖先在欧洲生活了数千年，经历了不断变化的光周期（可能更长），而非洲人的祖先则一直生活在赤道附近（光周期较短）。在人类进化早期生活在欧洲时，拥有较长的昼夜节律周期可能是有利的。然而，在我们的现代社会，睡眠时间越短越好，因为这有助于我们的昼夜节律提前，这在我们这个早起的人占主导地位的社会是适应的。欧裔美国女性的昼夜节律周期比男性短（24.24比24.41），但非洲裔美国女性没有性别差异（男女均为24.07）。我们推测，欧洲的选择压力使男性比女性发育出稍长的周期，以帮助他们追踪黎明，这对狩猎者来说可能有用，但对作为采集者的女性来说不太重要。
The endogenous, free-running circadian period (τ) determines the phase relationship that an organism assumes when entrained to the 24-h day. We found a shorter circadian period in African-Americans compared to non-Hispanic European-Americans (24.07 vs 24.33 h). We speculate that a short circadian period, closer to 24 h, was advantageous to humans living around the equator, but when humans migrated north out of Africa, where the photoperiod changes with seasons, natural selection favored people with longer circadian periods. Recently, in evolutionary terms, immigrants came from Europe and Africa to America (“the new world”). The Europeans were descendents of people who had lived in Europe for thousands of years with changing photoperiods (and presumably longer periods), whereas Africans had ancestors who had always lived around the equator (with shorter periods). It may have been advantageous to have a longer circadian period while living in Europe early in the evolution of humans. In our modern world, however, it is better to have a shorter period, because it helps make our circadian rhythms earlier, which is adaptive in our early-bird dominated society. European-American women had a shorter circadian period than men (24.24 vs 24.41), but there was no sex difference in African-Americans (24.07 for both men and women). We speculate that selection pressures in Europe made men develop a slightly longer period than women to help them track dawn which could be useful for hunters, but less important for women as gatherers.
登录
查看更多内容
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1010666108
发表时间：
2011-09-13
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Duffy, Jeanne F.;Cain, Sean W.;Czeisler, Charles A.
通讯作者：
Czeisler, Charles A.
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Lazar, Alpar S.;Santhi, Nayantara;Dijk, Derk-Jan
通讯作者：
Dijk, Derk-Jan
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2010.0409
发表时间：
2011-07-27
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Hut, R. A.;Beersma, D. G. M.
通讯作者：
Beersma, D. G. M.
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
POSSIDENTE, B;STEPHAN, FK
通讯作者：
STEPHAN, FK
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
SCHULL, J;WALKER, J;MCEACHRON, DL
通讯作者：
MCEACHRON, DL