Spatialising illicit commodity chains: Comparing coffee and cocaine

Spatialising illicit commodity chains: Comparing coffee and cocaine
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非法商品链的空间化:咖啡和可卡因的比较

DOI:
10.1111/area.12724
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
影响因子:
2.2
通讯作者:
Rueda, Ximena
Rueda, Ximena
中科院分区:
法学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Dávila, Anayansi;Magliocca, Nicholas;McSweeney, Kendra;Rueda, Ximena

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在地理学家中,最近对非法和非法的关注往往分为两个阵营。经济地理学家专注于非法制度和特定形式的经济空间的相应生产;另一方面,政治生态学家和土地变化学者仔细研究非法商品流动如何影响土地和资源使用,特别是在全球南方。本文提供了这两个相对独立的子领域的初步整合,特别是在它们对不平衡发展的互补关注方面。我们使用“全球商品链”的概念来探讨对农业商品的监管如何影响其在空间中的贩运和嵌入方式,并特别注意国际转运地点。当一种商品是非法的时,过境空间具有重要的分析意义。作为启发,我们提供了连接哥伦比亚和美国的两条农业商品链的比较图:咖啡和可卡因。他们的比较突显出“不正当”如何从根本上改变了可卡因的空间性,需要规避风险,从而导致运输空间显著扩大,生产者和消费者之间的价格差异巨大。我们展示了租金如何在这些交通空间中流通,在社会和生态上嵌入到扩散的、流动的网络中,给人和环境带来严重的后果。最后,我们总结了对非法商品及其产生的附带社会和环境损害的工作的影响。
Among geographers, recent focus on the illicit and illegal has tended to fall into two camps. Economic geographers focus on regimes of illicitness and corresponding production of specific forms of economic space; political ecologists and land change scholars, on the other hand, scrutinised how illicit commodity flows shape land and resource use, especially in the global South. This paper offers an initial integration of these two relatively separate subfields, specifically in terms of their complementary attention to uneven development. We use the concept of “global commodity chains” to explore the ways in which the regulation of agricultural commodities shapes how they are trafficked and embed in space, with particular attention to sites of international transshipment. When a commodity is illegal, spaces of transit take on significant analytical importance. As a heuristic, we present a comparative mapping of two agricultural commodity chains linking Colombia and the USA: coffee and cocaine. Their comparison highlights how “illicitness” fundamentally transforms cocaine’s spatiality, requiring risk evasion that results in characteristically enlarged transit spaces and huge differentials between producer and consumer price. We show how rents circulate in those transit spaces, socially and ecologically embedding in diffuse, fluid networks with severe consequences for people and environments. We conclude with implications for work on illicit commodities and the collateral social and environmental harms they produce.
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