The OXI1 kinase pathway mediates Piriformospora indica-induced growth promotion in Arabidopsis.
The OXI1 kinase pathway mediates Piriformospora indica-induced growth promotion in Arabidopsis.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.ppat.1002051
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发表时间：
2011-05
期刊：
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Oelmüller R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Camehl I;Drzewiecki C;Vadassery J;Shahollari B;Sherameti I;Forzani C;Munnik T;Hirt H;Oelmüller R
印度梨形孢菌是一种内生真菌，其定殖于许多植物物种的根部并促进生长和对某些植物病原体的抗性。尽管它在农业中有潜在的用途，但对这种有益的植物-真菌相互作用的分子基础知之甚少。在对不显示P. indica诱导的生长反应的植物的遗传筛选中，我们分离了拟南芥中OXI 1（氧化信号诱导1）基因的突变体。OXI 1被鉴定为一种蛋白激酶，在病原体应答中发挥作用，并受H2 O2和PDK 1（3-磷酸肌醇依赖性蛋白激酶1）调节。遗传分析表明，两个密切相关的PDK1.1和PDK1.2基因的双突变体在对籼稻的生长反应中是缺陷的。虽然OXI 1和PDK 1基因表达在P. indica定殖的根中上调，但防御基因下调，表明真菌抑制植物防御反应。PDK 1被磷脂酸（PA）激活，并且P. indica触发拟南芥植物中PA的合成。在有益的共培养条件下，H2 O2的形成甚至被真菌减少。重要的是，磷脂酶D（PLD）α1或PLDδ突变体，这是在PA合成受损不显示响应真菌感染的生长促进。这些数据确定了P. indica刺激的生长反应由PLD-PDK 1-OXI 1级联组成的途径介导。像许多根定殖微生物一样，原始的担子菌类真菌梨形孢菌定殖于许多植物物种的根并促进它们的生长。缺乏寄主特异性表明，植物对这种内生菌的反应是基于一般的信号传导过程。在拟南芥植物的遗传筛选中，没有显示出P. indica诱导的生长反应，我们分离出OXI 1（氧化信号诱导1）基因的突变体。以前，这种蛋白激酶已被证明在病原体应答中起作用，并受H2 O2和PDK 1（3-磷酸肌醇依赖性蛋白激酶1）调节。遗传分析表明，PDK 1的缺失也消除了对印度P. indica的生长反应。PDK 1被磷脂酸（PA）激活。P. indica触发PA合成，PA合成受损的突变体不显示响应真菌感染的生长促进。由于防御过程被P. indica抑制，我们提出由PLD-PDK 1-OXI 1级联组成的途径介导P. indica诱导的生长反应。
Piriformospora indica is an endophytic fungus that colonizes roots of many plant species and promotes growth and resistance to certain plant pathogens. Despite its potential use in agriculture, little is known on the molecular basis of this beneficial plant-fungal interaction. In a genetic screen for plants, which do not show a P. indica- induced growth response, we isolated an Arabidopsis mutant in the OXI1 (Oxidative Signal Inducible1) gene. OXI1 has been characterized as a protein kinase which plays a role in pathogen response and is regulated by H2O2 and PDK1 (3-PHOSPHOINOSITIDE-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE1). A genetic analysis showed that double mutants of the two closely related PDK1.1 and PDK1.2 genes are defective in the growth response to P. indica. While OXI1 and PDK1 gene expression is upregulated in P. indica-colonized roots, defense genes are downregulated, indicating that the fungus suppresses plant defense reactions. PDK1 is activated by phosphatidic acid (PA) and P. indica triggers PA synthesis in Arabidopsis plants. Under beneficial co-cultivation conditions, H2O2 formation is even reduced by the fungus. Importantly, phospholipase D (PLD)α1 or PLDδ mutants, which are impaired in PA synthesis do not show growth promotion in response to fungal infection. These data establish that the P. indica-stimulated growth response is mediated by a pathway consisting of the PLD-PDK1-OXI1 cascade. Like many root-colonizing microbes, the primitive Basidiomycete fungus Piriformospora indica colonizes the roots of many plant species and promotes their growth. The lack of host specificity suggests that the plant response to this endopyhte is based on general signalling processes. In a genetic screen for Arabidopsis plants, which do not show a P. indica-induced growth response, we isolated a mutant in the OXI1 (Oxidative Signal Inducible1) gene. Previously, this protein kinase has been shown to play a role in pathogen response and is regulated by H2O2 and PDK1 (3-PHOSPHOINOSITIDE-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE1). A genetic analysis showed that deletion of PDK1 also abolishes the growth response to P. indica. PDK1 is activated by phosphatidic acid (PA). P. indica triggers PA synthesis and mutants impaired in PA synthesis do not show growth promotion in response to fungal infection. Since defense processes are repressed by P. indica, we propose that a pathway consisting of the PLD-PDK1-OXI1 cascade mediates the P. indica-induced growth response.
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