Above genetics: lessons from cerebral development in autism.

Above genetics: lessons from cerebral development in autism.
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DOI:
10.2478/s13380-011-0016-3
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发表时间:
2011-06-01
影响因子:
2.1
通讯作者:
Casanova MF
Casanova MF
中科院分区:
医学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Williams EL;Casanova MF

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虽然一个独特的minicolumnar表型似乎是一个潜在的因素,在一个显着的一部分自闭症的情况下,非常重视不仅是遗传学,但表观遗传因素,可能会导致发展的条件。本文讨论了分子环境在细胞功能中不可分割的作用,特别是转录因子和粘附分子β-catenin在细胞生长中的关键地位。此外,学习环境不仅是出生后可塑性不可或缺的,但产前环境中起着至关重要的作用,在皮质发生,神经突发生,以及突触。为了说明自闭症的这些观点,我们回顾了遗传学研究中的重要发现(例如,PTEN、TSC 1/2、FMRP、MeCP 2、Neurexin-Neuroligin)和已知的表观遗传因子(例如,丙戊酸、雌激素、免疫系统、超声波),这可能倾向于在病症中观察到的微柱和连接模式,表明单基因突变综合征和暴露于某些CNS致畸剂如何最终导致可比的表型。这反过来可能会更清楚地揭示环境和复杂的遗传学是如何结合起来产生一组异质性的条件,如自闭症。
While a distinct minicolumnar phenotype seems to be an underlying factor in a significant portion of cases of autism, great attention is being paid not only to genetics but to epigenetic factors which may lead to development of the conditions. Here we discuss the indivisible role the molecular environment plays in cellular function, particularly the pivotal position which the transcription factor and adhesion molecule, β-catenin, occupies in cellular growth. In addition, the learning environment is not only integral to postnatal plasticity, but the prenatal environment plays a vital role during corticogenesis, neuritogenesis, and synaptogenesis as well. To illustrate these points in the case of autism, we review important findings in genetics studies (e.g., PTEN, TSC1/2, FMRP, MeCP2, Neurexin-Neuroligin) and known epigenetic factors (e.g., valproic acid, estrogen, immune system, ultrasound) which may predispose towards the minicolumnar and connectivity patterns seen in the conditions, showing how one-gene mutational syndromes and exposure to certain CNS teratogens may ultimately lead to comparable phenotypes. This in turn may shed greater light on how environment and complex genetics combinatorially give rise to a heterogenetic group of conditions such as autism.
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