Calicivirus Infection in Cats.

Calicivirus Infection in Cats.
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DOI:
10.3390/v14050937
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发表时间:
2022-04-29
期刊:
Viruses
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
其他
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猫杯状病毒(FCV)是家猫中的一种常见病原体,具有高度传染性,对许多消毒剂具有抗性,并具有高度遗传变异性。FCV感染可导致严重甚至致命的疾病。在这篇综述中,欧洲猫病咨询委员会(ABCD),一个由来自11个欧洲国家的猫医学专家组成的科学独立委员会,介绍了目前关于FCV感染的知识,并填补了专家意见的空白。FCV感染在多动物环境中尤其成问题。感染fcv的猫通常表现为口腔疼痛的糜烂和轻微的上呼吸道疾病,特别是小猫,甚至是致命的肺炎。然而,感染可能与慢性龈口炎有关。在极少数情况下,高毒力的FCV变异可引起严重的全身性疾病,并伴有动物流行病传播和高死亡率。FCV最好用逆转录酶PCR检测。然而,阴性结果并不排除FCV感染,健康猫也可能呈阳性。所有猫均应接种FCV疫苗(核心疫苗);然而,疫苗可以保护猫免受疾病的侵害,但不能防止感染。考虑到FCV的高度变异性,如果疾病发生在完全接种疫苗的猫身上,更换不同的疫苗菌株可能会有益。感染引起的免疫不是终身的,也不能预防所有毒株;因此,建议已从冠状病毒病中恢复的猫接种疫苗。
Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a common pathogen in domestic cats that is highly contagious, resistant to many disinfectants and demonstrates a high genetic variability. FCV infection can lead to serious or even fatal diseases. In this review, the European Advisory Board on Cat Diseases (ABCD), a scientifically independent board of experts in feline medicine from 11 European countries, presents the current knowledge of FCV infection and fills gaps with expert opinions. FCV infections are particularly problematic in multicat environments. FCV-infected cats often show painful erosions in the mouth and mild upper respiratory disease and, particularly in kittens, even fatal pneumonia. However, infection can be associated with chronic gingivostomatitis. Rarely, highly virulent FCV variants can induce severe systemic disease with epizootic spread and high mortality. FCV can best be detected by reverse-transcriptase PCR. However, a negative result does not rule out FCV infection and healthy cats can test positive. All cats should be vaccinated against FCV (core vaccine); however, vaccination protects cats from disease but not from infection. Considering the high variability of FCV, changing to different vaccine strain(s) may be of benefit if disease occurs in fully vaccinated cats. Infection-induced immunity is not life-long and does not protect against all strains; therefore, vaccination of cats that have recovered from caliciviral disease is recommended.
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