A mixed-methods study of pesticide exposures in Breastmilk and Community & Lactating Women's perspectives from Haryana, India.
A mixed-methods study of pesticide exposures in Breastmilk and Community & Lactating Women's perspectives from Haryana, India.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12889-020-09966-x
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发表时间：
2020-12-07
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Young MF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mehta RV;Sreenivasa MA;Mathew M;Girard AW;Taneja S;Ranjan S;Ramakrishnan U;Martorell R;Ryan PB;Young MF
人口增长导致需要增加作物产量以维持粮食安全，再加上气候变化的影响，导致化学农药的广泛使用。滥用农药反过来又导致环境、粮食商品和人体组织中的生物积累受到污染，特别是在印度的农业地区，包括北部的哈里亚纳邦。我们开展了一项试点筛选研究，以调查印度哈里亚纳邦母乳样本（n = 75）中有机氯、有机磷和拟除虫菊酯农药的存在。农药分析采用气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）检测有机磷农药，gc -电子捕获检测器检测拟除虫菊酯类农药。该研究还对孕产妇和社区对农药使用和接触风险的看法、知识、态度和做法进行了定性评价（n = 30次深度访谈；n = 9次焦点小组讨论）。对母乳样品进行分析，分别有4% （LOQ < - 28 μg/L）和5% （LOQ < - 107 μg/L）样品中存在p，p′-二氯二苯三氯乙烷（DDT）和p，p′-二氯二苯二氯乙烯（DDE）。没有检测到其他农药。我们的定性调查结果表明，社区成员普遍认为农药是药物和毒药，但承认它们被广泛使用以确保作物产量。考虑到在这种环境下从事农业的性别，研究社区的哺乳期妇女不直接处理化学农药，从而降低了吸入和皮肤接触的风险。在我们的小样本中，母乳中的农药浓度很低，不会对婴儿构成风险。基于许多有机污染物的持久性和报告的广泛使用，我们建议对食品供应中的上游农药污染和母亲和儿童的暴露进行更全面和纵向的调查。CTRI/2017/01/007636，注册日期：2017/01/06。CTRI网站：http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pdf_generate.php?trialid=17249&EncHid=&modid=&compid=%27,%2717249det%27
Population growth which has resulted in a need for increased crop yields to sustain food security, in addition to the effects of climate change, have led to the widespread use of chemical pesticides. The indiscriminate use of pesticides has in turn led to contamination of the environment, food commodities and bioaccumulation in human tissues, particularly in agrarian regions of India including the northern state of Haryana. We conducted a pilot screening study to investigate the presence of organochlorine, organophosphate, and pyrethroid pesticides in breastmilk samples (n = 75) from Haryana, India. Pesticide analyses were conducted using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for OC and OP pesticides and GC-electron capture detector for pyrethroids. The study was complemented by a qualitative evaluation of maternal and community perceptions, knowledge, attitudes and practices associated with pesticide use and risk of exposure (n = 30 in-depth interviews; n = 9 focus group discussions). Analysis of breastmilk showed the presence of p,p’-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and p,p’-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) in 4% (range: <LOQ - 28 μg/L) and 5% (range: < LOQ – 107 μg/L) of samples, respectively. No other pesticides were detected. Our qualitative findings showed that community members commonly held perceptions of pesticides as medicines and poison but acknowledged their widespread use to ensure crop yields. Given the gendered engagement in farming in this setting, lactating women in study communities do not directly handle chemical pesticides, thus lowering risk of inhalation and dermal exposure. In our small sample, breastmilk pesticide concentrations were low and did not pose a risk to infants. Based on the persistent nature of many organic pollutants and reported widespread use, we recommend more comprehensive and longitudinal investigation of upstream pesticide contamination in the food supply and exposures among mothers and children. CTRI/2017/01/007636, Date Registered: 06/01/2017. CTRI website: http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pdf_generate.php?trialid=17249&EncHid=&modid=&compid=%27,%2717249det%27
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影响因子：
10.4
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