Investigating environmental links between parent depression and child depressive/anxiety symptoms using an assisted conception design.
Investigating environmental links between parent depression and child depressive/anxiety symptoms using an assisted conception design.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jaac.2011.01.015
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发表时间：
2011-05
影响因子：
13.3
通讯作者：
Thapar A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lewis G;Rice F;Harold GT;Collishaw S;Thapar A
母子抑郁症状之间的联系可能源于遗传因素、直接环境暴露或共同的逆境。一种新的遗传敏感设计被用来测试母亲抑郁症状和儿童抑郁/焦虑症状之间的环境联系的程度，考虑到遗传效应、共同的逆境以及儿童的年龄和性别。852个有助孕孩子的家庭提供了问卷数据。母亲和父亲是否与孩子有遗传关系取决于受孕方法。父母的抑郁症状用医院焦虑和抑郁量表进行评估。采用简明心境与感觉问卷和6项广泛性焦虑症症状对儿童抑郁/焦虑症状进行评定。对于基因无关和相关的母子对，分别检查了母婴症状之间的关联，调整了共同逆境的三个衡量标准：负面生活事件、家庭收入和社会经济地位。然后分别对男孩和女孩以及儿童和青少年进行分析，并检查了父亲抑郁症状的作用。在遗传无关的母子(r=0.32，p&t；.001)和父子(r=0.17，p<；.05)对和遗传相关的母子(r=0.31，p&t；.001)和父子(r=0.23，p<；.001)对中，亲子症状之间存在显著的相关性，并且不能用共同的逆境测量来解释。环境方面的联系对儿童和青少年来说是存在的，对女孩来说更是如此。抑郁症状的传播在一定程度上是由于独立于遗传影响的环境过程，没有被共同的逆境测量所解释。通过环境过程，女孩可能比男孩对母亲抑郁症状的负面影响更敏感。
Links between maternal and offspring depression symptoms could arise from inherited factors, direct environmental exposure, or shared adversity. A novel genetically sensitive design was used to test the extent of environmental links between maternal depression symptoms and child depression/anxiety symptoms, accounting for inherited effects, shared adversity, and child age and gender. Eight hundred fifty-two families with a child born by assisted conception provided questionnaire data. Mothers and fathers were genetically related or unrelated to the child depending on conception method. Parental depression symptoms were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Child depression/anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Short Mood and Feelings questionnaire and six items tapping generalized anxiety disorder symptoms. Associations between maternal and child symptoms were examined separately for genetically unrelated and related mother–child pairs, adjusting for three measurements of shared adversity: negative life events, family income, and socioeconomic status. Analyses were then run separately for boys and girls and for children and adolescents, and the role of paternal depression symptoms was also examined. Significant associations between parent and child symptoms were found for genetically unrelated mother–child (r = 0.32, p < .001) and father–child (r = 0.17, p < .05) pairs and genetically related mother–child (r = 0.31, p < .001) and father–child (r = 0.23, p < .001) pairs and were not explained by the shared adversity measurements. Environmental links were present for children and adolescents and were stronger for girls. The transmission of depression symptoms is due in part to environmental processes independent of inherited effects and is not accounted for by shared adversity measurements. Girls may be more sensitive to the negative effects of maternal depression symptoms than boys through environmental processes.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02205.x
发表时间：
2010-06
期刊：
Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines
影响因子：
--
作者：
Silberg JL;Maes H;Eaves LJ
通讯作者：
Eaves LJ
DOI：
10.1111/1469-7610.00231
发表时间：
2002-11-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES
影响因子：
--
作者：
Rice, F;Harold, GT;Thapar, A
通讯作者：
Thapar, A
影响因子：
6.9
作者：
Harold, G. T.;Rice, F.;Thapar, A.
通讯作者：
Thapar, A.
DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01440.x
发表时间：
2006-01-01
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
Silk, JS;Shaw, DS;Kovacs, M
通讯作者：
Kovacs, M
DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01363.x
发表时间：
1995-10-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES
影响因子：
--
作者：
FERGUSSON, DM;HORWOOD, LJ;LYNSKEY, MT
通讯作者：
LYNSKEY, MT