Enforcement of alcohol-impaired driving laws in the United States: a national survey of state and local agencies.
Enforcement of alcohol-impaired driving laws in the United States: a national survey of state and local agencies.
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在美国执行饮酒型驾驶法律：国家和地方机构的全国调查。
DOI：
10.1080/15389588.2014.995789
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Nelson TF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Erickson DJ;Farbakhsh K;Toomey TL;Lenk KM;Jones-Webb R;Nelson TF
执行关于酒后驾车的法律是防止因饮酒而导致机动车死亡的努力的一个重要组成部分。鲜为人知的是使用酒后驾驶执法策略的州和地方执法机构或是否使用不同的机构和司法管辖区的特点的战略。我们进行了两项全国性调查，与州巡逻机构（n=48）和根据州和管辖区人口规模选择的地方执法机构（n= 1，082）的样本。我们研究了三个主要的执行策略（清醒检查站，饱和巡逻，并执行开放集装箱法），并测试了这些策略的使用是否因州和地方执法机构的管辖权和机构特征而异。（72.9%）和饱和巡逻（95.8%），而不到一半（43.8%）的人报告执行了开放集装箱法。相比之下，当地执法机构报告使用这些酒精受损驾驶执法策略的比例较低（分别为41.5%; 62.7%; 41.1%）。清醒检查站执法在干燥的南部地区各州（与潮湿和温和地区相比）更为常见。在当地执法机构中，拥有全职酒精执法人员的机构和位于酒后驾驶被认为非常常见（与不/有点常见）的地区的机构更有可能进行多种类型的受损驾驶执法。建议的执法战略，以发现和防止酒精受损的驾驶是在一些管辖区和未充分利用在其他。未来的研究应探讨执法与酒后驾驶行为和酒精涉及的机动车死亡的关系。
Enforcement of alcohol-impaired driving laws is an important component of efforts to prevent alcohol-involved motor-vehicle fatalities. Little is known about the use of drinking-driving enforcement strategies by state and local law enforcement agencies or whether the use of strategies differs by agency and jurisdiction characteristics. We conducted two national surveys, with state patrol agencies (n=48) and with a sample of local law enforcement agencies (n=1,082) selected according to state and jurisdiction population size. We examined three primary enforcement strategies (sobriety checkpoints, saturation patrols, and enforcement of open container laws), and tested whether use of these strategies differed by jurisdiction and agency characteristics across state and local law enforcement agencies Most state patrol agencies reported conducting sobriety checkpoints (72.9%) and saturation patrols (95.8%), while less than half (43.8%) reported enforcing open container laws. In contrast, a lower proportion of local law enforcement agencies reported using these alcohol-impaired driving enforcement strategies (41.5%; 62.7%; 41.1% respectively). Sobriety checkpoint enforcement was more common in states in the dry South region (vs. wet and moderate regions). Among local law enforcement agencies, agencies with a full-time alcohol enforcement officer and agencies located in areas where drinking-driving was perceived to be very common (vs. not/somewhat common) were more likely to conduct multiple types of impaired driving enforcement. Recommended enforcement strategies to detect and prevent alcohol-impaired driving are employed in some jurisdictions and underutilized in others. Future research should explore the relationship of enforcement with drinking and driving behavior and alcohol-involved motor-vehicle fatalities.
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影响因子：
5.9
作者：
Fell, JC;Ferguson, SA;Fields, M
通讯作者：
Fields, M
DOI：
10.3390/ijerph7010269
发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
--
作者：
Kerr, William C.
通讯作者：
Kerr, William C.
影响因子：
5.5
作者：
Shults, Ruth A.;Elder, Randy W.;Chattopadhyay, Sajal K.
通讯作者：
Chattopadhyay, Sajal K.
影响因子：
2
作者：
Ferguson, Susan A.
通讯作者：
Ferguson, Susan A.
影响因子：
5.9
作者：
Lenk, Kathleen M.;Toomey, Traci L.;Nelson, Toben F.;Jones-Webb, Rhonda;Erickson, Darin J.
通讯作者：
Erickson, Darin J.