Attending to Threat: Race-based Patterns of Selective Attention.
Attending to Threat: Race-based Patterns of Selective Attention.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jesp.2008.03.006
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发表时间：
2008-09
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Richeson, Jennifer A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Trawalter, Sophie;Todd, Andrew R.;Baird, Abigail A.;Richeson, Jennifer A.
本研究调查了年轻黑人男性具有威胁性和危险性的刻板印象在多大程度上已经在美国集体无意识中变得如此强大和根深蒂固，以至于黑人男性现在吸引了人们的注意力，就像蜘蛛和蛇等进化的威胁一样。具体来说，使用点探测检测范式，白色参与者显示偏向于黑人面孔相对于白色面孔（研究1）。由于这些面孔只是短暂地呈现（30毫秒），这种偏见被认为反映了注意力的早期参与。然而，当面部显示转移目光时，注意力偏差被消除了（研究2）。也就是说，当黑人面孔传达的威胁被一个相关的、竞争性的社会情绪线索减弱时--在这种情况下，转移的眼睛凝视--他们就不再吸引感知者的注意力。更广泛的影响，社会认知，以及具体化这些普遍存在的看法，年轻的黑人男性的公共政策进行了讨论。
The present research investigated the extent to which the stereotype that young Black men are threatening and dangerous has become so robust and ingrained in the collective American unconscious that Black men now capture attention, much like evolved threats such as spiders and snakes. Specifically, using a dot-probe detection paradigm, White participants revealed biased attention toward Black faces relative to White faces (Study 1). Because the faces were presented only briefly (30-ms), the bias is thought to reflect the early engagement of attention. The attentional bias was eliminated, however, when the faces displayed averted eye-gaze (Study 2). That is, when the threat communicated by the Black faces was attenuated by a relevant, competing socio-emotional cue– in this case, averted eye-gaze–they no longer captured perceivers’ attention. Broader implications for social cognition, as well as public policies that reify these prevailing perceptions of young Black men are discussed.
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