Experimental Susceptibility of North American Raccoons (Procyon lotor) and Striped Skunks (Mephitis mephitis) to SARS-CoV-2.
Experimental Susceptibility of North American Raccoons (Procyon lotor) and Striped Skunks (Mephitis mephitis) to SARS-CoV-2.
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DOI：
10.3389/fvets.2021.715307
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Yabsley MJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Francisco R;Hernandez SM;Mead DG;Adcock KG;Burke SC;Nemeth NM;Yabsley MJ
SARS-COV-2从人类到动物的溢出事件引起了人们对SARS-COV-2的内在群体的担忧。 Likelihood of susceptibility and ecological opportunity of becoming infected with SARS-CoV-2. Eight skunks and raccoons were each intranasally inoculated with one of two doses of the virus (103 PFU and 105 PFU) and housed in pairs. To evaluate direct transmission, a naïve animal was added to each inoculated pair 48 h post-inoculation. Four control animals of each species were handled like the experimental groups. At predetermined intervals, we收集的鼻拭子通过隔离病毒来定量病毒，并通过RRT-PCR检测血清神经化的病毒最高Titers in skunks and raccoons were 1:128 and 1:64, respectively. Low quantities of virus were isolated from 2/8 inoculated skunks for up to day 5 post-inoculation, however no virus was isolated from inoculated raccoons or direct contacts of either species. Neither species had gross lesions, but recovering mild chronic pneumonia consistent with viral injury was recorded histologically in 5/8 inoculated skunks. Unlike another SARS-CoV-2 infection trial in these species, we detected neutralizing antibodies in inoculated raccoons; thus, future wildlife serological surveillance results must be interpreted with caution. Due to the inability to isolate virus from raccoons, the lack of evidence of direct transmission between both species, and low amount of virus shed by skunks, it seems unlikely for SARS-CoV-2 to become established in raccoon and skunk populations and for virus to spillback into人类在野生和俘虏中持续爆发，强调了SARS-COV-2在野生动植物中的敏感性，尤其是Musteloidea和保护方面的易感性。
Recent spillback events of SARS-CoV-2 from humans to animals has raised concerns about it becoming endemic in wildlife. A sylvatic cycle of SARS-CoV-2 could present multiple opportunities for repeated spillback into human populations and other susceptible wildlife. Based on their taxonomy and natural history, two native North American wildlife species —the striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) and the raccoon (Procyon lotor) —represent a high likelihood of susceptibility and ecological opportunity of becoming infected with SARS-CoV-2. Eight skunks and raccoons were each intranasally inoculated with one of two doses of the virus (103 PFU and 105 PFU) and housed in pairs. To evaluate direct transmission, a naïve animal was added to each inoculated pair 48 h post-inoculation. Four control animals of each species were handled like the experimental groups. At predetermined intervals, we collected nasal and rectal swabs to quantify virus shed via virus isolation and detect viral RNA via rRT-PCR and blood for serum neutralization. Lastly, animals were euthanized at staggered intervals to describe disease progression through histopathology and immunohistochemistry. No animals developed clinical disease. All intranasally inoculated animals seroconverted, suggesting both species are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The highest titers in skunks and raccoons were 1:128 and 1:64, respectively. Low quantities of virus were isolated from 2/8 inoculated skunks for up to day 5 post-inoculation, however no virus was isolated from inoculated raccoons or direct contacts of either species. Neither species had gross lesions, but recovering mild chronic pneumonia consistent with viral insult was recorded histologically in 5/8 inoculated skunks. Unlike another SARS-CoV-2 infection trial in these species, we detected neutralizing antibodies in inoculated raccoons; thus, future wildlife serologic surveillance results must be interpreted with caution. Due to the inability to isolate virus from raccoons, the lack of evidence of direct transmission between both species, and low amount of virus shed by skunks, it seems unlikely for SARS-CoV-2 to become established in raccoon and skunk populations and for virus to spillback into humans. Continued outbreaks in non-domestic species, wild and captive, highlight that additional research on the susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 in wildlife, especially musteloidea, and of conservation concern, is needed.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2114828118
发表时间：
2021-11-23
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Chandler JC;Bevins SN;Ellis JW;Linder TJ;Tell RM;Jenkins-Moore M;Root JJ;Lenoch JB;Robbe-Austerman S;DeLiberto TJ;Gidlewski T;Kim Torchetti M;Shriner SA
通讯作者：
Shriner SA
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Francisco R;Hernandez SM;Mead DG;Adcock KG;Burke SC;Nemeth NM;Yabsley MJ
通讯作者：
Yabsley MJ
影响因子：
30.3
作者：
Kim, Young-Il;Kim, Seong-Gyu;Choi, Young Ki
通讯作者：
Choi, Young Ki
影响因子：
11.8
作者：
Freuling CM;Breithaupt A;Müller T;Sehl J;Balkema-Buschmann A;Rissmann M;Klein A;Wylezich C;Höper D;Wernike K;Aebischer A;Hoffmann D;Friedrichs V;Dorhoi A;Groschup MH;Beer M;Mettenleiter TC
通讯作者：
Mettenleiter TC
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Delahay RJ;de la Fuente J;Smith GC;Sharun K;Snary EL;Flores Girón L;Nziza J;Fooks AR;Brookes SM;Lean FZX;Breed AC;Gortazar C
通讯作者：
Gortazar C