Primate social attention: Species differences and effects of individual experience in humans, great apes, and macaques.
Primate social attention: Species differences and effects of individual experience in humans, great apes, and macaques.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0193283
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Call J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kano F;Shepherd SV;Hirata S;Call J
在观看社交场景时，人类和非人类灵长类动物会专注于特定的特征，例如模型的眼睛，嘴巴和动作目标。以前的研究报告说，这种观看模式在人类个体之间存在显着差异，在密切相关的灵长类动物物种之间也存在显着差异。然而，这些个体和物种差异的性质仍然不清楚，特别是在非人类灵长类动物中。在人类和非人类灵长类动物的大样本中，我们研究了物种差异和经验对社会电影凝视模式的影响。实验1研究了恒河猴、非人类猿类（倭黑猩猩、黑猩猩和猩猩）和人类在观看各种动物物种典型行为的电影时的物种差异。我们发现，每个物种对模特的脸、眼睛、嘴巴和动作目标都有不同的观察模式。实验2测试了个体经验对黑猩猩和人类观看模式的影响。我们向三组黑猩猩（来自动物园、保护区和研究机构的个体）展示了描绘黑猩猩自然行为的电影，这三组黑猩猩在早期的社会和身体经历上各不相同。我们还将相同的电影呈现给人类成年人和儿童，他们在黑猩猩方面的专业知识（专家与新手）或电影观看方面（成年人与学龄前儿童）不同。每个物种中的个体对模特的脸、眼睛、嘴巴和动作目标的凝视模式都不同，这取决于他们独特的个人经历。因此，我们发现，在这些密切相关的灵长类动物中，社会刺激的观看模式既有个体特异性，也有物种特异性。这种个体/物种特异性可能与个体经验和物种典型气质有关，这表明灵长类动物个体通过个体发生和进化获得其独特的注意力偏好。这种独特的注意力偏差可能有助于他们有效地了解他们特定的社会环境。
When viewing social scenes, humans and nonhuman primates focus on particular features, such as the models’ eyes, mouth, and action targets. Previous studies reported that such viewing patterns vary significantly across individuals in humans, and also across closely-related primate species. However, the nature of these individual and species differences remains unclear, particularly among nonhuman primates. In large samples of human and nonhuman primates, we examined species differences and the effects of experience on patterns of gaze toward social movies. Experiment 1 examined the species differences across rhesus macaques, nonhuman apes (bonobos, chimpanzees, and orangutans), and humans while they viewed movies of various animals’ species-typical behaviors. We found that each species had distinct viewing patterns of the models’ faces, eyes, mouths, and action targets. Experiment 2 tested the effect of individuals’ experience on chimpanzee and human viewing patterns. We presented movies depicting natural behaviors of chimpanzees to three groups of chimpanzees (individuals from a zoo, a sanctuary, and a research institute) differing in their early social and physical experiences. We also presented the same movies to human adults and children differing in their expertise with chimpanzees (experts vs. novices) or movie-viewing generally (adults vs. preschoolers). Individuals varied within each species in their patterns of gaze toward models’ faces, eyes, mouths, and action targets depending on their unique individual experiences. We thus found that the viewing patterns for social stimuli are both individual- and species-specific in these closely-related primates. Such individual/species-specificities are likely related to both individual experience and species-typical temperament, suggesting that primate individuals acquire their unique attentional biases through both ontogeny and evolution. Such unique attentional biases may help them learn efficiently about their particular social environments.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2009.08.055
发表时间：
2009-11-03
期刊：
Current biology : CB
影响因子：
--
作者：
Ferrari PF;Paukner A;Ionica C;Suomi SJ
通讯作者：
Suomi SJ
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Bräuer, J;Call, J;Tomasello, M
通讯作者：
Tomasello, M
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Einhäuser, W;Kruse, W;König, P
通讯作者：
König, P
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
DIAMOND, R;CAREY, S
通讯作者：
CAREY, S
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Berg, David J.;Boehnke, Susan E.;Itti, Laurent
通讯作者：
Itti, Laurent