Changes in Atlantic major hurricane frequency since the late-19th century.

Changes in Atlantic major hurricane frequency since the late-19th century.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41467-021-24268-5
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发表时间:
2021-07-13
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
Knutson T
Knutson T
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Vecchi GA;Landsea C;Zhang W;Villarini G;Knutson T

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大西洋飓风是对生命和财产的重大危害,也是一个具有强烈科学兴趣的话题。观测方法的历史变化限制了百年尺度大西洋主要飓风频率记录的效用。为了评估过去频率的变化,我们在这里开发了一种1851-2019年大西洋飓风和主要飓风频率的均匀化方法。我们发现,大西洋飓风和主要飓风频率的世纪尺度增加,以及美国飓风袭击分数的相关减少,与观测实践的变化一致,不太可能是真正的气候趋势。在均质化之后,自1970年代以来全流域飓风和大型飓风活动的增加并不是世纪规模增加的一部分,而是从1960年代至1980年代的最低点恢复过来的。我们建议内部(例如,大西洋的气候变化和气溶胶引起的世纪中后期主要飓风频率的减少可能掩盖了世纪尺度温室气体变暖对北大西洋主要飓风频率的贡献。过去热带气旋的强度和频率如何变化并不为人所知,因为较长的记录很少。在这里,作者表明,观测实践的变化解释了大西洋主要飓风频率记录的世纪尺度增加,最近的增加不是世纪尺度趋势的一部分。
Atlantic hurricanes are a major hazard to life and property, and a topic of intense scientific interest. Historical changes in observing practices limit the utility of century-scale records of Atlantic major hurricane frequency. To evaluate past changes in frequency, we have here developed a homogenization method for Atlantic hurricane and major hurricane frequency over 1851–2019. We find that recorded century-scale increases in Atlantic hurricane and major hurricane frequency, and associated decrease in USA hurricanes strike fraction, are consistent with changes in observing practices and not likely a true climate trend. After homogenization, increases in basin-wide hurricane and major hurricane activity since the 1970s are not part of a century-scale increase, but a recovery from a deep minimum in the 1960s–1980s. We suggest internal (e.g., Atlantic multidecadal) climate variability and aerosol-induced mid-to-late-20th century major hurricane frequency reductions have probably masked century-scale greenhouse-gas warming contributions to North Atlantic major hurricane frequency. How tropical cyclones have varied in intensity and frequency in the past is not well known as longer records are rare. Here, the authors show that changes in observing practices explain the recorded century scale increase in Atlantic major hurricane frequency, and recent increases are not part of a century-scale trend.
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