Silver diagnosis in neuropathology: principles, practice and revised interpretation.
Silver diagnosis in neuropathology: principles, practice and revised interpretation.
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神经病理学中的银诊断：原理，实践和修订的解释。
DOI：
10.1007/s00401-007-0200-2
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发表时间：
2007-05
影响因子：
12.7
通讯作者：
Uchihara, Toshiki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Uchihara, Toshiki
银染法有助于病理沉积物的组织学鉴定。尽管关于它们的机制和解释存在一些模糊不清的地方，但它们被广泛用于组织病理学诊断。本文综述了四种主要的银染方法，即改良Bielschowsky法、Bodian法、Gallyas法（GAL）和Campbell-Switzer法（CS），并对它们的原理、基本方案和解释进行了概述，从而为神经病理学家、技术人员和神经科学家提供了一个共同的基础来比较结果，并确定仍需澄清的问题。有些人认为“嗜银”是一种同质现象，与病变和方法无关。因此，他们试图通过指出检测病变的不同灵敏度（定量差异）来解释方法之间的差异。然而，比较研究表明，嗜银性是异质性的，不仅依赖于方法，而且依赖于病变（质的差异）。每种染色方法都有其自身的病变依赖性特异性，在这种特异性范围内，还有其自身的灵敏度。嗜银性的这种“方法和病变依赖性”性质使得能够基于其银染色特征对疾病特异性病变进行操作分类，这可能代表一些疾病特异性方面。此外，免疫组织化学和生物化学数据之间的比较揭示了GAL+/CS-沉积物和4-重复（4 R）tau（皮质基底节变性，进行性核上性麻痹和嗜银颗粒）之间的经验相关性，以及GAL-/CS+沉积物和3-重复（3R）tau（皮克体）之间的互补逆转。含有3R和4 R tau（阿尔茨海默型神经元缠结）的沉积物为GAL+/CS+。虽然没有分子的解释，除了这些经验的相关性，目前可用的，这些独特的功能，特别是当与免疫组化相结合，是有用的，因为银染方法和免疫反应是互补的。
Silver-staining methods are helpful for histological identification of pathological deposits. In spite of some ambiguities regarding their mechanism and interpretation, they are widely used for histopathological diagnosis. In this review, four major silver-staining methods, modified Bielschowsky, Bodian, Gallyas (GAL) and Campbell–Switzer (CS) methods, are outlined with respect to their principles, basic protocols and interpretations, thereby providing neuropathologists, technicians and neuroscientists with a common basis for comparing findings and identifying the issues that still need to be clarified. Some consider “argyrophilia” to be a homogeneous phenomenon irrespective of the lesion and the method. Thus, they seek to explain the differences among the methods by pointing to their different sensitivities in detecting lesions (quantitative difference). Comparative studies, however, have demonstrated that argyrophilia is heterogeneous and dependent not only on the method but also on the lesion (qualitative difference). Each staining method has its own lesion-dependent specificity and, within this specificity, its own sensitivity. This “method- and lesion-dependent” nature of argyrophilia enables operational sorting of disease-specific lesions based on their silver-staining profiles, which may potentially represent some disease-specific aspects. Furthermore, comparisons between immunohistochemical and biochemical data have revealed an empirical correlation between GAL+/CS-deposits and 4-repeat (4R) tau (corticobasal degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy and argyrophilic grains) and its complementary reversal between GAL-/CS+deposits and 3-repeat (3R) tau (Pick bodies). Deposits containing both 3R and 4R tau (neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer type) are GAL+/CS+. Although no molecular explanations, other than these empiric correlations, are currently available, these distinctive features, especially when combined with immunohistochemistry, are useful because silver-staining methods and immunoreactions are complementary to each other.
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影响因子：
11.2
作者：
Arai, T;Ikeda, K;Mochizuki, A
通讯作者：
Mochizuki, A
影响因子：
4
作者：
BERRIOS, GE
通讯作者：
BERRIOS, GE
DOI：
10.1097/00005072-199509000-00007
发表时间：
1995-09-01
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
BONDAREFF, W;HARRINGTON, CR;ROTH, M
通讯作者：
ROTH, M
影响因子：
--
作者：
BRAAK, H;BRAAK, E;BOHL, J
通讯作者：
BOHL, J
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Bruchez, M;Moronne, M;Alivisatos, AP
通讯作者：
Alivisatos, AP