A single mating is sufficient to induce persistent reduction of immune defense in mated female Drosophila melanogaster.
A single mating is sufficient to induce persistent reduction of immune defense in mated female Drosophila melanogaster.
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单次交配足以诱导交配雌性果蝇免疫防御的持续降低。
DOI：
10.1016/j.jinsphys.2022.104414
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发表时间：
2022-07
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Lazzaro, Brian P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gordon, Kathleen E.;Wolfner, Mariana F.;Lazzaro, Brian P.
关键词：
在许多物种中，雌性生殖投资是以免疫力和抗感染能力为代价的。交配的雌性黑腹果蝇比未交配的雌性更容易受到细菌感染。雄性精液蛋白性肽的转移降低了雌性交配后的免疫防御。已知性肽会导致女性生理和行为的短期和长期变化。虽然先前的研究表明，雌性在交配后2.5小时和26.5小时对细菌感染的抵抗力较低，但尚不清楚这是否是从交配到未交配状态的二元转换，或者雌性是否可以恢复到未交配的免疫水平。此外，还不清楚重复交配是否会导致防御能力的逐渐降低。我们比较了在交配后2，4，7或10天感染的交配雌性的免疫防御，未交配的雌性，没有看到恢复的免疫能力，无论交配和感染之间的时间长度。因为D.虽然黑腹果蝇雌性可以多次交配，但我们还测试了第二次交配以及因此第二次精液转移是否导致免疫性能的更深程度的降低。我们发现，感染前交配一次或两次的雌性动物存活的比例相同，两者的概率均显著低于未交配的雌性动物。我们的结论是，一个单一的交配事件足以持续抑制女性免疫系统。有趣的是，我们观察到，诱导的抗菌肽（AMP）编码基因的表达水平随着年龄的增长在两个实验中下降，部分掩盖了交配的影响。总的来说，这些数据表明，生殖活跃与生殖不活跃是交替的二元状态，就女性D。黑胃免疫在生殖活跃的女性中建立受抑制的免疫状态可以告知我们对免疫防御的调节和生理权衡机制的理解。
In many species, female reproductive investment comes at a cost to immunity and resistance to infection. Mated Drosophila melanogaster females are more susceptible to bacterial infection than unmated females. Transfer of the male seminal fluid protein Sex Peptide reduces female post-mating immune defense. Sex Peptide is known to cause both short- and long-term changes to female physiology and behavior. While previous studies showed that females were less resistant to bacterial infection as soon as 2.5 h and as long as 26.5 h after mating, it is unknown whether this is a binary switch from mated to unmated state or whether females can recover to unmated levels of immunity. It is additionally unknown whether repeated mating causes progressive reduction in defense capacity. We compared the immune defense of mated females when infected at 2, 4, 7, or 10 days after mating to that of unmated females and saw no recovery of immune capacity regardless of the length of time between mating and infection. Because D. melanogaster females can mate multiply, we additionally tested whether a second mating, and therefore a second transfer of seminal fluids, caused deeper reduction in immune performance. We found that females mated either once or twice before infection survived at equal proportions, both with significantly lower probability than unmated females. We conclude that a single mating event is sufficient to persistently suppress the female immune system. Interestingly, we observed that induced levels of expression of genes encoding antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) decreased with age in both experiments, partially obscuring the effects of mating. Collectively, the data indicate that being reproductively active versus reproductively inactive are alternative binary states with respect to female D. melanogaster immunity. The establishment of a suppressed immune status in reproductively active females can inform our understanding of the regulation of immune defense and the mechanisms of physiological trade-offs.
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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影响因子：
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