Extinction reveals that primary sensory cortex predicts reinforcement outcome.
Extinction reveals that primary sensory cortex predicts reinforcement outcome.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07974.x
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发表时间：
2012-02
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Weinberger NM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bieszczad KM;Weinberger NM
初级感觉皮质传统上被认为是刺激分析器。然而，关于联想学习在初级听觉皮质(A1)诱导的可塑性的研究表明，它参与了学习、记忆和其他认知过程。例如，音调的表现面积越大，听觉记忆越强，面积增长的幅度与音调在行为上变得重要的程度成正比。在这里，我们使用消失法来研究“行为重要性”是否具体反映了声音预测强化(奖励或惩罚)的能力与预测声音意义的任何重大变化的能力。如果是前者，那么灭绝应该会逆转面积增长，因为信号不再预示着加强。训练大鼠(n=11)按压到一个信号音调(5.0 kHz)以获得水奖励，以诱导A1区信号特定面积的增加。在随后的奖赏撤退后，A1被映射以确定代表性区域。信号特定区域的增益--从先前建立的大脑行为量化功能中估计--被颠倒了，支持了“强化预测”假说。面积损失是信号音调与测试音调之间的特异值，进一步表明加强音的退出，而不是非加强音呈现本身，是造成面积损失的原因。重要的是，面积损失量与消失量呈正相关(r=0.82，p<；0.01)。这些发现表明，初级感觉皮层表征可以将行为重要性编码为信号的值，以预测强化，并且调节到刺激的细胞数量可以决定其指挥行为的能力。
Primary sensory cortices are traditionally regarded as stimulus analyzers. However, studies of associative learning-induced plasticity in the primary auditory cortex (A1) indicate involvement in learning, memory and other cognitive processes. For example, the area of representation of a tone becomes larger for stronger auditory memories and the magnitude of area gain is proportional to the degree that a tone becomes behaviorally important. Here, we used extinction to investigate whether “behavioral importance” specifically reflects a sound’s ability to predict reinforcement (reward or punishment) vs. to predict any significant change in the meaning of a sound. If the former, then extinction should reverse area gains as the signal no longer predicts reinforcement. Rats (n = 11) were trained to bar-press to a signal tone (5.0 kHz) for water-rewards, to induce signal-specific area gains in A1. After subsequent withdrawal of reward, A1 was mapped to determine representational areas. Signal-specific area gains — estimated from a previously established brain–behavior quantitative function — were reversed, supporting the “reinforcement prediction” hypothesis. Area loss was specific to the signal tone vs. test tones, further indicating that withdrawal of reinforcement, rather than unreinforced tone presentation per se, was responsible for area loss. Importantly, the amount of area loss was correlated with the amount of extinction (r = 0.82, p < 0.01). These findings show that primary sensory cortical representation can encode behavioral importance as a signal’s value to predict reinforcement, and that the number of cells tuned to a stimulus can dictate its ability to command behavior.
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影响因子：
1.9
作者：
CONDON, CD;WEINBERGER, NM
通讯作者：
WEINBERGER, NM
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
2.5
作者：
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.092278099
发表时间：
2002-07-23
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
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通讯作者：
Merzenich, MM
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
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通讯作者：
SCHEICH, H