Vocal motor changes beyond the sensitive period for song plasticity.
Vocal motor changes beyond the sensitive period for song plasticity.
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声音运动的变化超出了歌曲可塑性的敏感期。
DOI：
10.1152/jn.00217.2014
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Sakata,JonT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
James,LoganS;Sakata,JonT
在发育的敏感时期，行为是至关重要的。鸟鸣是一种习得的发声行为，在感觉运动学习的敏感时期经历了戏剧性的可塑性。在这一时期，鸣禽幼鸟进行发声练习，使它们的发声形成相对定型的歌曲。当鸣禽成年时，它们的歌声相对稳定，被认为是“结晶化的”。然而，最近的研究强调了成人歌曲可塑性的潜力，并表明成人歌曲可能会随着时间的推移而自然改变。因此，我们研究了成年孟加拉雀歌唱的时间和光谱特征随时间变化的程度。我们观察到，随着时间的推移，歌曲音节的顺序和时间变得更加刻板。音节顺序的刻板印象的增加是由于不经常产生的过渡的修剪，在较小程度上，频繁产生的过渡的流行程度的增加。歌曲节奏的变化是由音节间隔的持续时间和可变性的减少所驱动的。与歌曲时间特征的显著变化相反，我们发现成人歌曲音节的谱结构随时间变化的证据很少。这些数据突出了成人歌曲的时间和频谱特征随时间变化的程度差异，并支持了音节顺序、时间和结构控制的不同机制的证据。此外，观察到的歌曲时间特征的变化与Hebbian行为可塑性框架一致，并支持成人歌曲应被视为一种声乐练习形式的观点。
Behavior is critically shaped during sensitive periods in development. Birdsong is a learned vocal behavior that undergoes dramatic plasticity during a sensitive period of sensorimotor learning. During this period, juvenile songbirds engage in vocal practice to shape their vocalizations into relatively stereotyped songs. By the time songbirds reach adulthood, their songs are relatively stable and thought to be “crystallized.” Recent studies, however, highlight the potential for adult song plasticity and suggest that adult song could naturally change over time. As such, we investigated the degree to which temporal and spectral features of song changed over time in adult Bengalese finches. We observed that the sequencing and timing of song syllables became more stereotyped over time. Increases in the stereotypy of syllable sequencing were due to the pruning of infrequently produced transitions and, to a lesser extent, increases in the prevalence of frequently produced transitions. Changes in song tempo were driven by decreases in the duration and variability of intersyllable gaps. In contrast to significant changes to temporal song features, we found little evidence that the spectral structure of adult song syllables changed over time. These data highlight differences in the degree to which temporal and spectral features of adult song change over time and support evidence for distinct mechanisms underlying the control of syllable sequencing, timing, and structure. Furthermore, the observed changes to temporal song features are consistent with a Hebbian framework of behavioral plasticity and support the notion that adult song should be considered a form of vocal practice.
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