Mechanical Determinates of Crustacean Escape Swimming

研究围绕两种方法来理解 运动的物理决定因素。 一种方法是研究 从工程学的角度来看， 产生的力 附肢运动被用来估计推力和身体轨迹 适用于各种情况，包括空中、水中和陆地 运动 我们的目标是确定什么样的运动和身体形态 是可行的，以完成某些运动，如飞行， 游泳或跑步，以及运动的限制， 设计和能量学。 第二种方法集中在肌肉的生理学上， 产生自发运动。 一些重要的限制， 肌肉收缩性已经显示出最大的力量和 收缩力和收缩速度之间的反比关系 确定整体肌肉和附件运动。 虽然上述两种方法都取得了丰硕的成果， 限制动物运动，以前的研究没有明确的联系 这两个组成部分。 丹尼尔建议将这两个领域联合收割机结合起来， 将身体和生理的局限性确定到一个极端 运动方式：逃避捕食。 我们用一种当地的 虾，Pandalus danae，表现出一种逃逸运动， 腹部快速屈曲，持续约30 ms。 这种运动模式的流体动力学已经被研究出来了。 他证明了这些动物的大小和形状 受到加速运动的动力学约束。他提议 解决这些基本问题和相关的收缩 系统：（1）这种快速收缩产生的力是什么？ 肌肉（2）如何做积极和消极的拮抗肌群 如何应对这种快速扩张？（3）这个活动怎么样 调节并转化为生产性运动。

The research revolves around two approaches to understanding the physical determinants of motility. One approach examines the physics of propulsion from an engineering standpoint. Forces generated by appendage movements are used to estimate thrust and body trajectories for a variety of situations, including aerial, aquatic, and terrestrial locomotion. A goal is to determine what motions and body morphologies are feasible for accomplishing certain movements such as flight, swimming, or running and the limitations to movements in terms of design and energetics. A second approach centers upon the physiology of the muscles that generate locomotor movements. A number of important limitations to muscle contractility have been shown with the maxima for force and the inverse relationship between the force and velocity of contraction both etermining overall muscle and appendage motions. While both above approaches have yielded fruitful insight into the limitations to animal motility, no previous study has explicitly linked these two components. Daniel proposes to combine these two areas to determine both physical and physiological limitations to one extreme mode of locomotion: escape from predation. We use a local species of shrimp, Pandalus danae, that exhibits an escape motion involving a rapid flexion of the abdomen that lasts approximately 30 ms. The hydrodynamics of this mode of locomotion has already been worked out. He has shown that both the size and shape of these animals are constrained by the dynamics of accelerational locomotion. He proposes to address basic questions regarding these and related contractile systems: (1) What are the forces generated by such rapidly contracting muscles (2) How do active and inactive antagonistic muscle groups respond to such rapid extensions? and (3) How is this activity regulated and transferred into productive motility.