Mechanical Determinates of Crustacean Escape Swimming

甲壳类动物逃生游泳的机械决定因素

• 批准号: 8711654
• 负责人: Thomas Daniel
• 金额: $ 17.1万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1987
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1987-11-01 至 1991-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8711654&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Mechanical; Determinates; Crustacean; Escape; Swimming

The research revolves around two approaches to understanding the physical determinants of motility. One approach examines the physics of propulsion from an engineering standpoint. Forces generated by appendage movements are used to estimate thrust and body trajectories for a variety of situations, including aerial, aquatic, and terrestrial locomotion. A goal is to determine what motions and body morphologies are feasible for accomplishing certain movements such as flight, swimming, or running and the limitations to movements in terms of design and energetics. A second approach centers upon the physiology of the muscles that generate locomotor movements. A number of important limitations to muscle contractility have been shown with the maxima for force and the inverse relationship between the force and velocity of contraction both etermining overall muscle and appendage motions. While both above approaches have yielded fruitful insight into the limitations to animal motility, no previous study has explicitly linked these two components. Daniel proposes to combine these two areas to determine both physical and physiological limitations to one extreme mode of locomotion: escape from predation. We use a local species of shrimp, Pandalus danae, that exhibits an escape motion involving a rapid flexion of the abdomen that lasts approximately 30 ms. The hydrodynamics of this mode of locomotion has already been worked out. He has shown that both the size and shape of these animals are constrained by the dynamics of accelerational locomotion. He proposes to address basic questions regarding these and related contractile systems: (1) What are the forces generated by such rapidly contracting muscles (2) How do active and inactive antagonistic muscle groups respond to such rapid extensions? and (3) How is this activity regulated and transferred into productive motility.

这项研究围绕着两种方法来理解运动的物理决定因素。一种方法是从工程的角度来研究推进的物理原理。由附属物运动产生的力用于估计各种情况下的推力和身体轨迹，包括空中、水中和陆地运动。目标是确定哪些动作和身体形态对于完成某些动作是可行的，例如飞行、游泳或跑步，以及在设计和能量学方面对动作的限制。第二种方法集中在产生运动运动的肌肉的生理学上。许多重要的限制，肌肉收缩已经显示出最大的力量和力量和速度之间的反比关系，决定整体肌肉和附属物的运动。虽然上述两种方法都对动物运动能力的局限性产生了富有成效的见解，但之前没有研究明确地将这两个组成部分联系起来。Daniel建议将这两个区域结合起来，以确定一种极端运动模式的生理和生理限制：逃离捕食者。我们使用了一种当地的虾，熊猫虾，它表现出一种逃跑的动作，包括腹部的快速弯曲，持续大约30毫秒。这种运动方式的流体力学已经计算出来了。他已经证明，这些动物的大小和形状都受到加速运动动力学的限制。他建议解决关于这些和相关收缩系统的基本问题：(1)这种快速收缩的肌肉产生的力量是什么？(2)活跃和不活跃的对抗肌群如何对这种快速扩张做出反应？(3)这种活动是如何调节并转化为生产动力的。