Collaborative Research: Police Department as Organizational Machine: Effects of Body Worn Cameras on the Work Dynamics and Performance of U.S. Police Departments

美国警察部门采用随身式摄像头，这对现有的警务方式构成了挑战。这不仅适用于执法人员，也适用于执法机构。对于机构来说，随身相机代表着一种新的设备，必须通过适当的技术系统和使用政策来支持。摄像头还会产生大量的视频数据，警察组织也必须对其进行管理。考虑到这些需求，该项目将确定人体佩戴相机技术对美国警察部门个人工作动态和组织运作的影响。具体地说，该项目将开发一个更大的信息技术治理框架，以最大限度地发挥人体摄像技术在有效警务行动中的价值。该项目将扩大公共部门组织的管理知识，这些组织越来越多地融入可穿戴式物联网技术，如便携式相机，研究成果将为技术管理、法律和犯罪学以及信息系统方面的教育材料的发展提供信息。该项目的一个主要目标是为公共部门组织创建一个基于证据的组织理论和信息技术治理框架，这些组织越来越多地融入数字技术，特别是物联网技术。针对随身相机(BWC)对警务组织的影响，本项目解决了三个问题：(1)BWC系统引发了哪些个人工作动态和组织变化；(2)哪些技术-社会治理机制有助于使BWC在完成警察部门任务方面的价值最大化；(3)哪些经验证据解释了BWC对警察部门业务和任务表现的影响。本研究活动通过三个阶段的研究设计回答了这些问题。首先，调查人员将通过分析从访谈、实地观察和文件分析中收集的数据，完成对警察机构的定性案例研究。其次，根据案例研究的结果，并与参与机构合作，调查人员将制定一个信息技术治理框架，以最大限度地发挥随身相机技术在完成警察部门任务方面的价值。最后，调查人员将根据调查和公共来源收集的数据，分析随身相机对美国各地警察部门行动和任务表现的影响。

The adoption of body worn cameras in US police departments represents a challenge to established ways of policing. This applies to law enforcement agencies as much as officers. For agencies, body worn cameras represent a novel piece of equipment that must be supported through appropriate technological systems and usage policies. Cameras also produce an abundance of video data that policing organizations must manage as well. Considering these demands, this project will identify the impacts of body worn camera technologies on individual work dynamics and organizational operations in US police departments. Specifically, this project will develop a larger IT governance framework to maximize the value of body worn camera technologies for effective policing operations. This project will expand knowledge on the management of public sector organizations that are increasingly enmeshed with wearable Internet of Things technologies like body worn cameras, and research results will inform the development of educational materials in technology management, law and criminology, and information systems. A primary goal of this project is to create an evidence-based organization theory and IT governance framework for public sector organizations that are being increasingly embedded with digital technologies in general and Internet of Things technologies in particular. Specific to the impacts of body worn cameras (BWC) on policing organizations, this project addresses three questions: (1) What individual work dynamics and organizational changes are induced by BWC systems; (2) what technosocial governance mechanisms help maximize the value of BWCs in accomplishing police departments' mission; and (3) what empirical evidence explains the effects of BWCs on the operational and mission performance of police departments. This research activity answers these questions through a three-stage research design. First, the investigators will complete qualitative case studies of police agencies by analyzing data collected from interviews, field observations, and document analyses. Second, drawing upon the results of the case studies and in collaboration with participating agencies, the investigators will develop an IT governance framework to maximize the value of body worn camera technologies in accomplishing police departments' missions. Lastly, drawing from data that will be collected through survey and public sources, the investigators will analyze the effect of body worn cameras on the operational and mission performance of police departments across the US.