Archaeology and Ethnohistory in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska

阿拉斯加阿留申群岛的考古学和民族史

• 批准号: 8806802
• 负责人: Allen McCartney
• 金额: $ 8.91万
• 依托单位: University of Alaska Fairbanks Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1988
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1988-08-01 至 1991-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8806802&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Archaeology; Ethnohistory; Aleutian; Islands; Alaska

Dr. Aigner and her colleagues will combine archaeological excavation with analysis of historical documents to reconstruct pre- and protohistoric Aleut social organization and determine how this changed over time. They will excavate two sites located on Unalaska Island in the Aleutian archipelago. The older of the two, the McLees Lake site, contains a number of individual household dwellings. The more recent Reese Bay site preserves two multihousehold longhouses. Large areas of both sites will be stripped and house boundaries and inner partitions mapped. Cultural and faunal remains will be collected, analyzed, and dated. The goal of the research is to trace the development of social complexity among Aleut hunters and gatherers in the Aleutian Islands. Both archaeological and ethnohistoric information suggest that in prehistoric times Aleut society changed from a relatively egalitarian form of organization to a more complex form characterized by a social and political hierarchy. Dr. Aigner postulates that the McLees Lake and Reese Bay sites represent earlier and later phases of this process. Through spatial analysis of house forms and burial and material remains, one can determine the extent of hierarchical organization. Unequal distribution of living space and an association of high prestige items with specific burials or living areas indicate social inequality. This research is important for several reasons. Many anthropologists believe that growth of social complexity is a byproduct to the Neolithic revolution and that it was the domestication of plants and animals which began the process which resulted societies as we know them today. Others argue that complexity can develop in groups which subsist by hunting and gathering, and this research will directly address this issue. Secondly, in the passage of the Arctic Research Act, the U.S. Congress has recognized the importance of a broad program of Arctic research. Dr. Aigner's project will help to further this goal.

艾格纳博士和她的同事将联合收割机 挖掘与分析历史文献重建 阿留申社会组织和决定 这是如何随着时间的推移而变化的。 他们将挖掘两处遗址， 阿留申群岛的乌纳拉斯卡岛上 中年龄较大的一 第二，McLees湖遗址， 家庭住宅。 最近的里斯湾遗址保留了 两栋多户长屋 这两个地方的大部分地区将被 剥离和房子的边界和内部分区映射。 文化和动物遗骸将被收集，分析， 过时了 研究的目的是追踪社会的发展， 阿留申人的狩猎者和采集者之间的复杂性 群岛 考古学和民族历史学资料 表明在史前时期阿留申社会从一个 相对平等的组织形式，以一个更复杂的 以社会和政治等级为特点的形式。 博士 艾格纳假设麦克利斯湖和里斯湾遗址 代表了这个过程的早期和后期阶段。 通过 对房屋形式、墓葬和物质遗存进行空间分析， 可以确定等级组织的范围。 生活空间的不平等分布与高收入的关联 具有特定墓葬或生活区域的珍贵物品表明 社会不平等。 这项研究之所以重要，有几个原因。 许多 人类学家认为，社会复杂性的增长 新石器时代革命的副产品， 植物和动物的驯化开始了一个过程， 形成了我们今天所知的社会。 其他人则认为 复杂性可以在以狩猎为生的群体中发展， 这一研究将直接解决这一问题。 第二，在《北极研究法》的通过过程中， 国会已经认识到一个广泛的计划的重要性， 北极研究。 艾格纳博士的项目将有助于推动这一进程 目标.