Whale Hunting Societies of the Western Arctic: A Regional Integration

摘要：OPP-9807051,9806516麦卡特尼，哈里特大学。阿肯色州大学阿拉斯加这个项目涉及生物、生态、社会和气候数据的区域整合，以更好地了解本土捕鲸的起源、发展和动态，以及捕鲸界如何组织起来，以应对鲸鱼产品的丰富和捕鲸失败时鲸鱼产品的稀缺。该项目将涉及四个相互关联的总体目标：1)根据与鲸鱼物种及其数量的联系，重建过去两千年的气候波动；2)通过研究考古鲸骨、最近上岸的鲸鱼和鲸鱼种群特征，确定按物种和大小选择本地鲸鱼；3)研究捕鲸和社区组织的社会文化多样性；4)重点研究白令海峡周围史前西伯利亚和阿拉斯加捕鲸群体之间的关系。这项研究考虑了鲸鱼的濒危性质、受到威胁和破坏的考古遗址，以及对历史捕鲸有最长期了解的老年本土捕鲸者。由于弓头鲸的数量有限，它们受到联邦保护，包含鲸骨和捕鲸技术的沿海考古遗址正在迅速侵蚀，爱斯基摩长老经常因年迈而死亡，没有机会记录他们对捕鲸及其社会层面的第一手和长期了解。

ABSTRACT OPP-9807051, 9806516 MCCARTNEY, HARRITT UNIV. ARKANSAS, UNIV. ALASKA This project addresses the regional integration of biological, ecological, social, and climatic data for better understanding the origins, development, and dynamics of native whaling and how whaling communities organize themselves to deal with the abundance of whale products when available and their scarcity when whale hunting fails. The project will address four overarching interrelated goals: 1) reconstruction of climate fluctuations over the past two millennia with linkages to whale species and their numbers; 2) determination of native whale selection by species and size through the study of archeological whale bones, recently landed whales, and whale stock characteristics; 3) study of sociocultural variability of whaling and community organization; and 4) a focused examination of relations between prehistoric Siberian and Alaskan whale hunting groups around the Bering Strait. This research takes into account the endangered nature of whales, threatened and damaged archeological sites, and elderly native whalers who have the greatest long-term knowledge about historic whaling. Bowhead whales are federally protected due to their limited numbers, coastal archeological sites that contain whale bones and whale hunting technology are eroding at a rapid rate, and Eskimo elders often die of old age without having an opportunity to record their firsthand and long-term acquaintance with whaling and its social dimensions.