Trade, Innovation and Growth

国际经济学中最活跃、最令人兴奋的领域 目前包括像这个项目这样的研究， 国际贸易理论与产业结构理论 组织的 该项目开发的模型允许 审议联合国系统中出现的重要动态问题， 在一体化世界经济的增长和发展背景下。 处理这些问题的一个显著特点是， 与早期的国际贸易研究相比， 关注生产力变化的演变。 最新进展 在研究和发展的经济学中， 不完全竞争市场中的边干边学 创新是内生的模型的构建， 国际贸易的模式，而不是由因素决定的 在模型之外。 对战后经济表现的案例研究提供了充足的 一个国家的贸易与其他国家的贸易 制度及其长期绩效。 例如贸易 在日本的成功故事中占有重要地位。 然而 现有的贸易理论预测贸易的一次性静态效应 而不是长期的动态观察到的 数据 这个项目开发了一个动态理论，解释了 实证分析，并提供了评估的基础 相互矛盾的解释 这个项目有助于我们理解 贸易机会、贸易战略和经济 增长 它还提供了新的和更好的解释， 世界贸易中的动态过程， 研究人员 该项目涉及以下重要问题： 外向型、以出口为导向的欠发达经济体是否增长 比那些专注于国内市场的公司更快？ 这样的规定是否适用于所有时间点？ 并且 通过善意的忽视或积极的政策使福利最大化 促进出口？ 对于工业 发达国家是否应利用产业政策 促进国内企业在其充满活力的国际 比赛？ 贸易政策如何影响 技术创新？ 国际范围有多大 合作，以最大限度地提高全球经济的整体增长？

The most active and exciting area in international economics currently consists of research like this project that synthesizes international trade theory and the theory of industrial organizations. This project develops models that allow consideration of the important dynamic issues that arise in the context of growth and development in an integrated world economy. A distinctive feature of the approach to these issues in comparison with earlier studies of international trade is the focus on the evolution of productivity change. Recent advances in the economics of research and development and learning-by-doing in markets with imperfect competition permit the construction of models in which innovation is endogenous to the model of international trade and not determined by factors outside the model. Case studies of post-war economic performance provide ample evidence of a systematic relationship between a country's trade regime and its long-run performance. For example, trade figures prominently in the Japanese success story. Yet existing trade theory predicts one-shot static effects of trade instead of the long-term dynamic regularities observed in the data. This project develops a dynamic theory that explains the empirical regularities and provides a basis for assessing competing explanations. This project contributes to our understanding of the link between trading opportunities, trade strategy, and economic growth. It also provides new and better explanations of dynamic processes in world trade identified by empirical researchers. This project addresses such important questions as: Do outward-looking, export-oriented less developed economies grow faster than those that concentrate instead on domestic markets? Does such a prescription hold for all points in time? And is welfare maximized by a policy of benign neglect or active promotion of exports? For the case of the industrially advanced countries, should industrial policies be used to promote domestic firms in their dynamic international competitions? How does trade policy influence the rate of technological innovation? What scope exists for international cooperation to maximize overall growth of the global economy?